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<p>Cherimoya (<i>Annona cherimola</i> Mill.) is a subtropical fruit tree cultivated in southern Spain, the world’s leading producer, where ‘Fino de Jete’ is the predominant cultivar. In this study, shoot regeneration from hypocotyl explants of this cultivar was investigated. Two explant types—1&#xa0;cm-long longitudinally split pieces (LSP) and 0.3&#xa0;cm cross sections (CS)—along with different culture media and antioxidant treatments, were evaluated. For LSP explants, a modified MS medium (mMS) supplemented with 0.3&#xa0;mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA) resulted in shoot formation in 66% of explants, with an average shoot length of 1.2&#xa0;cm. CS explants cultured on mMS-0.3 BA medium supplemented with 100&#xa0;mg/L casein hydrolysate showed an average shoot production rate of 34% and a mean shoot length of 0.9&#xa0;cm. This medium was also effective for CS explants of the ‘Campas’ and ‘Alborán’ cultivars, achieving similar regeneration success to ‘Fino de Jete’. Additionally, the effect of carbon-dots nanoparticles (CDs; 0 to 0.8&#xa0;mg/L) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs; 0 to 0.3&#xa0;mg/L), on shoot production using CS explants was evaluated. CDs at 0.6&#xa0;mg L⁻¹ eliminated explant necrosis (0%) and promoted earlier shoot formation (76%) after 8 weeks. AgNPs at 0.2&#xa0;mg L⁻¹ significantly enhanced shoot regeneration, particularly at 12 weeks, increasing bud regeneration (91%), shoot proliferation (73.7%), and shoot elongation (2.5&#xa0;cm). Rooting was achieved in control shoots (up to 40%), and acclimatization reached 100%; however, further optimization of the rooting process in regenerated material is required. The use of nanoparticles will be considered in future studies focusing on root induction and the development of genetic transformation protocols in cherimoya.</p>

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Effects of nanoparticles on shoot formation of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) from hypocotyl explants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Isabel M. G. Padilla,
  • Enrique Niza,
  • Carlos López-Encina,
  • Leonardo Velasco

摘要

Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) is a subtropical fruit tree cultivated in southern Spain, the world’s leading producer, where ‘Fino de Jete’ is the predominant cultivar. In this study, shoot regeneration from hypocotyl explants of this cultivar was investigated. Two explant types—1 cm-long longitudinally split pieces (LSP) and 0.3 cm cross sections (CS)—along with different culture media and antioxidant treatments, were evaluated. For LSP explants, a modified MS medium (mMS) supplemented with 0.3 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA) resulted in shoot formation in 66% of explants, with an average shoot length of 1.2 cm. CS explants cultured on mMS-0.3 BA medium supplemented with 100 mg/L casein hydrolysate showed an average shoot production rate of 34% and a mean shoot length of 0.9 cm. This medium was also effective for CS explants of the ‘Campas’ and ‘Alborán’ cultivars, achieving similar regeneration success to ‘Fino de Jete’. Additionally, the effect of carbon-dots nanoparticles (CDs; 0 to 0.8 mg/L) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs; 0 to 0.3 mg/L), on shoot production using CS explants was evaluated. CDs at 0.6 mg L⁻¹ eliminated explant necrosis (0%) and promoted earlier shoot formation (76%) after 8 weeks. AgNPs at 0.2 mg L⁻¹ significantly enhanced shoot regeneration, particularly at 12 weeks, increasing bud regeneration (91%), shoot proliferation (73.7%), and shoot elongation (2.5 cm). Rooting was achieved in control shoots (up to 40%), and acclimatization reached 100%; however, further optimization of the rooting process in regenerated material is required. The use of nanoparticles will be considered in future studies focusing on root induction and the development of genetic transformation protocols in cherimoya.