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<p>The effects of <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> inoculation on the growth, stress tolerance, and acclimatization of argan (<i>Argania spinosa</i> (L.) Skeels) seedlings under in vitro conditions were investigated. The impact of culture medium (minimal (M) vs. modified Strullu-Romand (MSR)) and root type (transformed carrot and chicory roots) on mycorrhization were first assessed. MSR medium slightly outperformed M medium in supporting mycorrhization, with colonization reaching 70% when chicory roots were used. Mycorrhizal seedlings showed improvements in shoot height (8.32–8.76&#xa0;cm), root length (4.18–4.38&#xa0;cm), and lateral root number (4.28–4.52) compared to non-mycorrhizal controls (7.38–7.46&#xa0;cm, 3.08–3.16&#xa0;cm, and 3.36–3.40, respectively). No significant differences were observed between culture media or host root types. Seedlings were then subjected to nutritional stress (½, ¼, and ⅛ Murashige and Skoog (MS) strength) and drought stress (50–150&#xa0;g·L⁻¹ polyethylene glycol (PEG)). Mycorrhizal seedlings exhibited better growth and delayed stress symptoms under nutritional stress, achieving up to 11.54&#xa0;cm shoot height, 4.72&#xa0;cm root length, and 7.20 lateral roots. In contrast, non-mycorrhizal seedlings showed early signs of stress, such as leaf browning and abscission. Under drought stress, mycorrhizal seedling growth was sustained up to 100&#xa0;g·L⁻¹ PEG, with significant declines observed at 150&#xa0;g·L⁻¹. During acclimatization, mycorrhizal seedlings outperformed non-mycorrhizal controls, with survival rates reaching 90%, except under severe drought stress, where no seedlings survived. These findings demonstrate that in vitro mycorrhization significantly enhances argan seedling growth, stress resilience, and ex vitro survival, highlighting its potential for large-scale propagation and reforestation programs.</p>

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A scalable in vitro mycorrhization system enhances abiotic stress tolerance and acclimatization survival of argan (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) seedlings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Hassna Radi,
  • Meriyem Koufan,
  • Fatima Bouchiha,
  • Saida El Maataoui,
  • Hibat Allah Kharbouche,
  • Ilham Belkoura,
  • Rachida Naciri,
  • Tayeb Koussa,
  • Mouaad Amine Mazri

摘要

The effects of Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation on the growth, stress tolerance, and acclimatization of argan (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) seedlings under in vitro conditions were investigated. The impact of culture medium (minimal (M) vs. modified Strullu-Romand (MSR)) and root type (transformed carrot and chicory roots) on mycorrhization were first assessed. MSR medium slightly outperformed M medium in supporting mycorrhization, with colonization reaching 70% when chicory roots were used. Mycorrhizal seedlings showed improvements in shoot height (8.32–8.76 cm), root length (4.18–4.38 cm), and lateral root number (4.28–4.52) compared to non-mycorrhizal controls (7.38–7.46 cm, 3.08–3.16 cm, and 3.36–3.40, respectively). No significant differences were observed between culture media or host root types. Seedlings were then subjected to nutritional stress (½, ¼, and ⅛ Murashige and Skoog (MS) strength) and drought stress (50–150 g·L⁻¹ polyethylene glycol (PEG)). Mycorrhizal seedlings exhibited better growth and delayed stress symptoms under nutritional stress, achieving up to 11.54 cm shoot height, 4.72 cm root length, and 7.20 lateral roots. In contrast, non-mycorrhizal seedlings showed early signs of stress, such as leaf browning and abscission. Under drought stress, mycorrhizal seedling growth was sustained up to 100 g·L⁻¹ PEG, with significant declines observed at 150 g·L⁻¹. During acclimatization, mycorrhizal seedlings outperformed non-mycorrhizal controls, with survival rates reaching 90%, except under severe drought stress, where no seedlings survived. These findings demonstrate that in vitro mycorrhization significantly enhances argan seedling growth, stress resilience, and ex vitro survival, highlighting its potential for large-scale propagation and reforestation programs.