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<p>Coconut (<i>Cocos nucifera</i> L.) and oil palm (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Jacq.) are major tropical crops, but the supply of uniform, high-yielding planting materials through seeds is limited by genetic segregation. To improve clonal propagation, immature leaf and inflorescence explants of both species were cultured on Eeuwens and Blake (1977) Y3 medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Two treatments were used in the first eight weeks: E3 (2,4-D 120&#xa0;mg/L) and E4 (2,4-D 120&#xa0;mg/L + BAP 1&#xa0;mg/L). Inflorescences showed lower browning and were selected for further experiments. In addition to the commonly reported indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE), direct somatic embryogenesis (DSE) was obtained from both oil palm and coconut inflorescences. Because DSE from coconut inflorescences (CI) is rarely reported, six Y3 media with different plant growth regulators (PGRs) combinations (E0/E3/E4/E6/E7/E8) were evaluated. Within 12 weeks, E4 promoted friable embryogenic callus and ISE, whereas E0 (PGRs-free medium) induced DSE directly from explants. E7 (5&#xa0;mg/L 2,4-D) produced only leaf-like structures (LSE) without plantlet regeneration. These results demonstrate that different application of PGRs direct distinct regeneration pathways and that DSE offers a faster route for coconut regeneration, although further optimization is required for large scale propagation.</p>

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Direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis pathways of in vitro propagation via immature inflorescence of coconut and oil palm

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Vona Douglas Odenore,
  • Zhiying Li,
  • Peng Shi,
  • Dapeng Zhang,
  • Yin Min Htwe,
  • Qun Yu,
  • Xiangman He,
  • Yong Wang

摘要

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) are major tropical crops, but the supply of uniform, high-yielding planting materials through seeds is limited by genetic segregation. To improve clonal propagation, immature leaf and inflorescence explants of both species were cultured on Eeuwens and Blake (1977) Y3 medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Two treatments were used in the first eight weeks: E3 (2,4-D 120 mg/L) and E4 (2,4-D 120 mg/L + BAP 1 mg/L). Inflorescences showed lower browning and were selected for further experiments. In addition to the commonly reported indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE), direct somatic embryogenesis (DSE) was obtained from both oil palm and coconut inflorescences. Because DSE from coconut inflorescences (CI) is rarely reported, six Y3 media with different plant growth regulators (PGRs) combinations (E0/E3/E4/E6/E7/E8) were evaluated. Within 12 weeks, E4 promoted friable embryogenic callus and ISE, whereas E0 (PGRs-free medium) induced DSE directly from explants. E7 (5 mg/L 2,4-D) produced only leaf-like structures (LSE) without plantlet regeneration. These results demonstrate that different application of PGRs direct distinct regeneration pathways and that DSE offers a faster route for coconut regeneration, although further optimization is required for large scale propagation.