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<p>Terpenoids represent a major class of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, accounting for nearly 30% of these compounds and demonstrating therapeutic potential against cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and neoplastic diseases. Their biosynthesis involves coordinated regulation by transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs through two primary mechanisms: (1) TFs directly activate or suppress the expression of key enzyme genes by binding to their promoter regions, whereas microRNAs indirectly modulate the biosynthetic pathway through messenger RNA degradation or translational inhibition of target genes; (2) microRNAs target either TFs or their upstream signaling molecules, while their own transcription can also be regulated by TFs, thereby forming a bidirectional regulatory network. This intricate interaction endows medicinal plants with the capacity for dynamic modulation of terpenoid accumulation. This review systematically examines the biosynthetic pathways of terpenoids and comprehensively summarizes the TFs and miRNAs involved in terpenoid biosynthesis across 27 medicinal plant species. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanisms mediated by TFs and microRNAs are elucidated in detail. We explore how integrating multi-omics approaches with genetic engineering tools could advance terpenoid biosynthesis research, while also identifying current limitations and future challenges in medicinal plant secondary metabolism studies. These insights offer both a research framework for terpenoid biosynthesis and theoretical support for sustainable medicinal plant resource development.</p>

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Advances in understanding the MicroRNA-transcription factor regulatory network governing terpenoid biosynthesis in medicinal plants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Jingyi Xu,
  • Yue Shi,
  • Xiaoqian Xie,
  • Yueting Xie,
  • Jing Tian,
  • Yue Ren,
  • Yuan Li,
  • Da Li,
  • Chunmei Yang,
  • Qile Zhou,
  • Jinhui Man,
  • Hui Wang

摘要

Terpenoids represent a major class of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, accounting for nearly 30% of these compounds and demonstrating therapeutic potential against cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and neoplastic diseases. Their biosynthesis involves coordinated regulation by transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs through two primary mechanisms: (1) TFs directly activate or suppress the expression of key enzyme genes by binding to their promoter regions, whereas microRNAs indirectly modulate the biosynthetic pathway through messenger RNA degradation or translational inhibition of target genes; (2) microRNAs target either TFs or their upstream signaling molecules, while their own transcription can also be regulated by TFs, thereby forming a bidirectional regulatory network. This intricate interaction endows medicinal plants with the capacity for dynamic modulation of terpenoid accumulation. This review systematically examines the biosynthetic pathways of terpenoids and comprehensively summarizes the TFs and miRNAs involved in terpenoid biosynthesis across 27 medicinal plant species. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanisms mediated by TFs and microRNAs are elucidated in detail. We explore how integrating multi-omics approaches with genetic engineering tools could advance terpenoid biosynthesis research, while also identifying current limitations and future challenges in medicinal plant secondary metabolism studies. These insights offer both a research framework for terpenoid biosynthesis and theoretical support for sustainable medicinal plant resource development.