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<p><i>Mentha pulegium</i> presents a complex phytochemical profile, including phenolic and volatile compounds associated with acaricidal, insecticidal, antiviral and antimicrobial properties. The current study provides an assessment of light intensity, light quality and porous membranes (PM) effects on plantlet growth and metabolite production in vitro. Three independent experiments were conducted: (1) light intensities 26, 51, 69, 94 and 130 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹, (2) light quality consisting of blue, red, white and mixed spectra (30% blue:70% red, 70% blue:30% red, 50% blue:50% red) and (3) PM treatments: WPM (without PM), PM1 (one), PM2 (two) and PM4 (four membranes). Nodal segments were grown on MS medium. Growth parameters (shoot length; leaf number; and leaves, stems, roots and total biomass dry weight) were recorded 30 days later. Photosynthetic pigments, flavones/flavonols, phenolics and volatile compounds were also analyzed. Light intensities 94 and 130 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ enhanced dry weight accumulation, and increased phenolic compounds and flavones/flavonols, respectively. The highest pulegone content was recorded at 51 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ (77.74%). Blue light further increased pulegone production (80.64%). Although wavelength did not affect flavone/flavonol accumulation, blue light led to higher phenolic content. White light and the 30% blue:70% red combination resulted in the highest photosynthetic pigment accumulations. PM use significantly influenced growth and metabolite production in vitro. Overall, optimal <i>M. pulegium</i> cultivation in vitro is linked to the following light intensities: 94–130 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ in association with blue light alone or in combination and the use of porous membranes. Future research should investigate the combined effects of light intensity, wavelength and PM within a single experimental design.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Light intensity, wavelength and ventilation system enhance secondary metabolic compounds growth and production in Mentha pulegium L cultivation in vitro

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • João Pedro Miranda Rocha,
  • Rafael Marlon Alves de Assis,
  • Gustavo Costa Santos,
  • Jeremias José Ferreira Leite,
  • Ana Caroline Batista da Silva,
  • Wesley Naves Tostes,
  • Pedro Camillo Siqueira dos Santos,
  • Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci,
  • José Eduardo Brasil Pereira Pinto

摘要

Mentha pulegium presents a complex phytochemical profile, including phenolic and volatile compounds associated with acaricidal, insecticidal, antiviral and antimicrobial properties. The current study provides an assessment of light intensity, light quality and porous membranes (PM) effects on plantlet growth and metabolite production in vitro. Three independent experiments were conducted: (1) light intensities 26, 51, 69, 94 and 130 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹, (2) light quality consisting of blue, red, white and mixed spectra (30% blue:70% red, 70% blue:30% red, 50% blue:50% red) and (3) PM treatments: WPM (without PM), PM1 (one), PM2 (two) and PM4 (four membranes). Nodal segments were grown on MS medium. Growth parameters (shoot length; leaf number; and leaves, stems, roots and total biomass dry weight) were recorded 30 days later. Photosynthetic pigments, flavones/flavonols, phenolics and volatile compounds were also analyzed. Light intensities 94 and 130 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ enhanced dry weight accumulation, and increased phenolic compounds and flavones/flavonols, respectively. The highest pulegone content was recorded at 51 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ (77.74%). Blue light further increased pulegone production (80.64%). Although wavelength did not affect flavone/flavonol accumulation, blue light led to higher phenolic content. White light and the 30% blue:70% red combination resulted in the highest photosynthetic pigment accumulations. PM use significantly influenced growth and metabolite production in vitro. Overall, optimal M. pulegium cultivation in vitro is linked to the following light intensities: 94–130 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ in association with blue light alone or in combination and the use of porous membranes. Future research should investigate the combined effects of light intensity, wavelength and PM within a single experimental design.

Graphical abstract