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<p>In vitro culture has been fundamental for the propagation and conservation of orchid species, particularly those with ornamental value or at risk of extinction. This review examines the use of organic products, protein supplements, and commercial fertilizers as culture medium additives. A search was conducted in major scientific databases (Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar), studies published between 2000 and 2025 were evaluated. Studies about coconut water, fruit juices (pineapple, banana, and tomato), yeast extract, peptone, hydrolyzed casein, and commercial fertilizers, considering their chemical composition and physiological effects were reviewed. Evidence indicates that these compounds can significantly enhance germination, morphogenesis, and root formation, with results varying depending on species and concentration used. Furthermore, some additives, such as activated charcoal, have been shown to modulate phytohormone availability and improve medium quality. Organic supplements offer advantages in terms of sustainability, accessibility, and compatibility with ex situ conservation schemes. Nevertheless, greater standardization of their use and phytochemical characterization are required. This review provides an experimental basis for entrepreneurs and researchers to design more efficient, sustainable, and broadly applicable culture media for different orchids.</p>

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Complementary and organic substances on orchid in vitro culture media: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月16日

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  • Arturo Hernández-García,
  • Obdulia Baltazar-Bernal,
  • José Luis Spinoso‑Castillo

摘要

In vitro culture has been fundamental for the propagation and conservation of orchid species, particularly those with ornamental value or at risk of extinction. This review examines the use of organic products, protein supplements, and commercial fertilizers as culture medium additives. A search was conducted in major scientific databases (Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar), studies published between 2000 and 2025 were evaluated. Studies about coconut water, fruit juices (pineapple, banana, and tomato), yeast extract, peptone, hydrolyzed casein, and commercial fertilizers, considering their chemical composition and physiological effects were reviewed. Evidence indicates that these compounds can significantly enhance germination, morphogenesis, and root formation, with results varying depending on species and concentration used. Furthermore, some additives, such as activated charcoal, have been shown to modulate phytohormone availability and improve medium quality. Organic supplements offer advantages in terms of sustainability, accessibility, and compatibility with ex situ conservation schemes. Nevertheless, greater standardization of their use and phytochemical characterization are required. This review provides an experimental basis for entrepreneurs and researchers to design more efficient, sustainable, and broadly applicable culture media for different orchids.