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<p>While synthetic plant growth regulators (PGRs) have long been used in tissue culture, the potential exploration of naturally occurring plant-derived pollen extracts is an emerging, eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative, and novel approach due to their rich content in growth-promoting compounds (PGRs, nutrients, carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins). In this study, different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, 400 and 600 mg/L) of water pollen extracts (WPE) of walnut cvs. Gustine and Pedro, and hazelnut were used in culture medium for CAB-6P (<i>Prunus cerasus</i> L.) and Gisela 6 (<i>Prunus cerasus</i> x <i>Prunus canescens</i>) cherry rootstocks, and compared to different indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0 – control, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/L) concentrations (MS medium, 30 g/L sucrose, 6 g/L agar, pH 5.8, 16 h photoperiod, fluorescent lamps, 150 μmol/m<sup>2</sup>/s, 22°C). After a 10-week period, the results showed that low to intermediate WPE concentrations (50 mg/L walnut cv. Pedro or 150 mg/L hazelnut in CAB-6P, 50 mg/L hazelnut in Gisela 6) were more effective for the vegetative growth (shoot height) of both rootstocks. IBA at 4 mg/L or walnut cv. Pedro WPE at 150 mg/L in CAB-6P exhibited better rooting performance (60%, higher root number and length), higher leaf chlorophyll and root carbohydrates level, and lower leaf porphyrins level. In Gisela 6, despite the 90% higher rooting with 2 mg/L IBA, walnut cv. Pedro WPE at 400 (also higher leaf carbohydrates level) or 600 mg/L (also higher chlorophyll level) is foreseen as alternative treatment for the initial root induction stage (70% rooting, higher root number, lower porphyrins level). Root length was best enhanced by 150 mg/L walnut cv. Pedro WPE in CAB-6P and 600 mg/L hazelnut WPE in Gisela 6. This study constitutes the first report employing natural WPE of walnut and hazelnut fruit trees as excellent economic resources with potential to substitute the application of synthetic PGRs (i.e. IBA) in cherry rootstock tissue culture systems as ecological phytoregulating agents, considering simultaneously the improvement of biochemical traits. This research has significant implications for sustainable horticulture via its potential to reduce reliance on synthetic PGRs, offering an alternative for improving crop quality, yield, and stress tolerance, supporting eco-friendly farming practices that can lead to healthier plants, reduced environmental impact, and lower production costs.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Walnut and hazelnut pollen extracts enhance rooting, growth, and biochemical traits of cherry roostocks in vitro

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月29日

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  • Virginia Sarropoulou,
  • Thomas Sotiropoulos,
  • Kortessa Dimassi-Theriou,
  • Ioannis Therios

摘要

While synthetic plant growth regulators (PGRs) have long been used in tissue culture, the potential exploration of naturally occurring plant-derived pollen extracts is an emerging, eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative, and novel approach due to their rich content in growth-promoting compounds (PGRs, nutrients, carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins). In this study, different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, 400 and 600 mg/L) of water pollen extracts (WPE) of walnut cvs. Gustine and Pedro, and hazelnut were used in culture medium for CAB-6P (Prunus cerasus L.) and Gisela 6 (Prunus cerasus x Prunus canescens) cherry rootstocks, and compared to different indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0 – control, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/L) concentrations (MS medium, 30 g/L sucrose, 6 g/L agar, pH 5.8, 16 h photoperiod, fluorescent lamps, 150 μmol/m2/s, 22°C). After a 10-week period, the results showed that low to intermediate WPE concentrations (50 mg/L walnut cv. Pedro or 150 mg/L hazelnut in CAB-6P, 50 mg/L hazelnut in Gisela 6) were more effective for the vegetative growth (shoot height) of both rootstocks. IBA at 4 mg/L or walnut cv. Pedro WPE at 150 mg/L in CAB-6P exhibited better rooting performance (60%, higher root number and length), higher leaf chlorophyll and root carbohydrates level, and lower leaf porphyrins level. In Gisela 6, despite the 90% higher rooting with 2 mg/L IBA, walnut cv. Pedro WPE at 400 (also higher leaf carbohydrates level) or 600 mg/L (also higher chlorophyll level) is foreseen as alternative treatment for the initial root induction stage (70% rooting, higher root number, lower porphyrins level). Root length was best enhanced by 150 mg/L walnut cv. Pedro WPE in CAB-6P and 600 mg/L hazelnut WPE in Gisela 6. This study constitutes the first report employing natural WPE of walnut and hazelnut fruit trees as excellent economic resources with potential to substitute the application of synthetic PGRs (i.e. IBA) in cherry rootstock tissue culture systems as ecological phytoregulating agents, considering simultaneously the improvement of biochemical traits. This research has significant implications for sustainable horticulture via its potential to reduce reliance on synthetic PGRs, offering an alternative for improving crop quality, yield, and stress tolerance, supporting eco-friendly farming practices that can lead to healthier plants, reduced environmental impact, and lower production costs.

Graphical Abstract