<p><i>De novo</i> morphogenic responses from <i>Tylophora indica</i> (Burm. F.) Merrill. explants were evaluated in the present study. Inoculating leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators (PGRs) evoked different modes of regeneration. Combinations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) with adenine sulfate (AdSO<sub>4</sub>), and BA with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), induced the formation of both shoots and somatic embryos (SEs) from the leaf explants. An optimum of 22.50 ± 0.81 shoots/explant (100% response), with an average shoot length of 3.87 ± 0.53 cm was achieved in the presence of 10 µM BA and 15 µM kinetin (Kn) after 8 weeks. While the highest 26.00 ± 1.13 SEs/explant (100% induction) was obtained from medium supplemented with 5 µM Kn and 0.1 µM IAA within 8 weeks. Further, elongations of plantlets derived through embryogenesis were evaluated using static and liquid media augmented with different PGR combinations. It was noted that liquid medium having 1 µM gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) promoted maximum plantlet elongation i.e. 9.38 ± 0.35 cm within 4 weeks along with formation of secondary SEs. While nodal explants formed maximum 4.10 ± 0.22 shoots (100% response) with 5.15 ± 0.29 cm length in the presence of 10 µM BA and 5 µM Kn after 8 weeks. Simultaneously, the callus derived from base of the nodal explants differentiated shoots and SEs, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the regeneration protocol. In vitro shoots developed optimum rooting with 9.75 ± 0.74 roots/shoot with average 3.11 ± 0.33 cm root length in ¼MS medium with 4 µM of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) after 4 weeks. Interestingly, during the rooting stage in ½MS medium with 4 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), SEs (15.4 ± 1.82) were simultaneously induced from the internodal region. Ultimately, plantlets derived via organogenesis and embryogenesis pathways were transplanted to cocopeat:sand (1:1 w/w) under lab and greenhouse conditions followed by acclimatization to field in 90 days with 100% survival. Furthermore, chemical fingerprints revealed that the in vitro shoot samples and micropropagated plants synthesize metabolites. Concurrent, lupeol quantification suggested that all the samples synthesized lupeol, however their content varied among them. The highest lupeol content i.e. 254.16 ± 6.90 µg g<sup>−1</sup>, which was 10.40-fold higher (24.43 ± 1.28 µg g<sup>−1</sup>) than mother plants (in vivo shoots) was recorded for shoots from nodal explant cultured in presence of 10 μM Kn with 15 μM AdSO<sub>4</sub>. Thus, present protocol can be utilized for large-scale propagation, conservation of genotypes, and pharmaceutical purposes.</p>

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Development of different regenerative modes for efficient propagation and phytochemical analysis in Tylophora indica (Burm. F.) Merrill: an important medicinal plant

  • Swati R. Patel,
  • Ashutosh Pathak,
  • Aruna Joshi,
  • Neeta Shrivastava,
  • Sonal Sharma

摘要

De novo morphogenic responses from Tylophora indica (Burm. F.) Merrill. explants were evaluated in the present study. Inoculating leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators (PGRs) evoked different modes of regeneration. Combinations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) with adenine sulfate (AdSO4), and BA with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), induced the formation of both shoots and somatic embryos (SEs) from the leaf explants. An optimum of 22.50 ± 0.81 shoots/explant (100% response), with an average shoot length of 3.87 ± 0.53 cm was achieved in the presence of 10 µM BA and 15 µM kinetin (Kn) after 8 weeks. While the highest 26.00 ± 1.13 SEs/explant (100% induction) was obtained from medium supplemented with 5 µM Kn and 0.1 µM IAA within 8 weeks. Further, elongations of plantlets derived through embryogenesis were evaluated using static and liquid media augmented with different PGR combinations. It was noted that liquid medium having 1 µM gibberellic acid (GA3) promoted maximum plantlet elongation i.e. 9.38 ± 0.35 cm within 4 weeks along with formation of secondary SEs. While nodal explants formed maximum 4.10 ± 0.22 shoots (100% response) with 5.15 ± 0.29 cm length in the presence of 10 µM BA and 5 µM Kn after 8 weeks. Simultaneously, the callus derived from base of the nodal explants differentiated shoots and SEs, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the regeneration protocol. In vitro shoots developed optimum rooting with 9.75 ± 0.74 roots/shoot with average 3.11 ± 0.33 cm root length in ¼MS medium with 4 µM of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) after 4 weeks. Interestingly, during the rooting stage in ½MS medium with 4 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), SEs (15.4 ± 1.82) were simultaneously induced from the internodal region. Ultimately, plantlets derived via organogenesis and embryogenesis pathways were transplanted to cocopeat:sand (1:1 w/w) under lab and greenhouse conditions followed by acclimatization to field in 90 days with 100% survival. Furthermore, chemical fingerprints revealed that the in vitro shoot samples and micropropagated plants synthesize metabolites. Concurrent, lupeol quantification suggested that all the samples synthesized lupeol, however their content varied among them. The highest lupeol content i.e. 254.16 ± 6.90 µg g−1, which was 10.40-fold higher (24.43 ± 1.28 µg g−1) than mother plants (in vivo shoots) was recorded for shoots from nodal explant cultured in presence of 10 μM Kn with 15 μM AdSO4. Thus, present protocol can be utilized for large-scale propagation, conservation of genotypes, and pharmaceutical purposes.