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<p>The long breeding cycle of <i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>, the major source of natural rubber, hampers the early identification of superior genotypes. Developing anatomical and molecular markers for early selection could accelerate clonal propagation and breeding efficiency. In this study, nodal segments of <i>H. brasiliensis</i> and the lesser-studied Amazonian species <i>H. spruceana</i> were cultured under different plant growth regulator (PGR) conditions to evaluate shoot induction, laticifer development, and expression of genes related to latex biosynthesis and vessel differentiation. Shoot induction differed markedly between species. <i>H. brasiliensis</i> regenerated only in BAP-supplemented media (85% induction at 30 days), with a high density of articulated laticifers (~ 80 cells mm⁻²), while <i>H. spruceana</i> showed vigorous regeneration even in hormone-free MS medium (~ 95% induction) but with fewer laticifers (~ 30 cells mm⁻²). Gene expression analyses revealed higher <i>REF1</i> and <i>SRPP1</i> in <i>H. spruceana</i>, whereas <i>CDPK1</i> was more strongly expressed in <i>H. brasiliensis</i>, consistent with laticifers density and distinct morphogenic response observed in these genotypes. These results establish a clear link between molecular expression patterns and anatomical traits. Collectively, the integration of morphoanatomical and molecular evidence identifies <i>REF1</i>,<i> SRPP1</i>, and <i>CDPK1</i> as promising early selection markers. The regenerative competence of <i>H. spruceana</i>, combined with the latex productivity of <i>H. brasiliensis</i>, provides a strategic framework for developing efficient micropropagation protocols and accelerating the selection of elite <i>Hevea</i> clones.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Morphological and genetic insights involved in latex synthesis and laticiferous vessel formation in Hevea spp. seedlings grown in vitro using plant growth regulators

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月15日

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  • Ana Claudia L. da Silva,
  • Josiane Celerino de Carvalho,
  • Thais Andrade Germano,
  • Pedro Paulo dos Santos,
  • Andreia Varmes Fernandes,
  • José Hélio da Costa,
  • Maria Izabel F. Guedes,
  • Rivadalve Coelho Gonçalves,
  • Wagner L. Araújo,
  • Wagner C. Otoni,
  • Adriano Nunes-Nesi,
  • José Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves

摘要

The long breeding cycle of Hevea brasiliensis, the major source of natural rubber, hampers the early identification of superior genotypes. Developing anatomical and molecular markers for early selection could accelerate clonal propagation and breeding efficiency. In this study, nodal segments of H. brasiliensis and the lesser-studied Amazonian species H. spruceana were cultured under different plant growth regulator (PGR) conditions to evaluate shoot induction, laticifer development, and expression of genes related to latex biosynthesis and vessel differentiation. Shoot induction differed markedly between species. H. brasiliensis regenerated only in BAP-supplemented media (85% induction at 30 days), with a high density of articulated laticifers (~ 80 cells mm⁻²), while H. spruceana showed vigorous regeneration even in hormone-free MS medium (~ 95% induction) but with fewer laticifers (~ 30 cells mm⁻²). Gene expression analyses revealed higher REF1 and SRPP1 in H. spruceana, whereas CDPK1 was more strongly expressed in H. brasiliensis, consistent with laticifers density and distinct morphogenic response observed in these genotypes. These results establish a clear link between molecular expression patterns and anatomical traits. Collectively, the integration of morphoanatomical and molecular evidence identifies REF1, SRPP1, and CDPK1 as promising early selection markers. The regenerative competence of H. spruceana, combined with the latex productivity of H. brasiliensis, provides a strategic framework for developing efficient micropropagation protocols and accelerating the selection of elite Hevea clones.

Graphical Abstract