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<p>Elicitation has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing phytochemical production in plant in vitro cultures, with potential applications in cancer drug discovery. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different elicitors on the accumulation of key bioactive compounds: methylaervine (MAE; 10-methoxycanthin-6-one), aervine (AE; 10-hydroxycanthin-6-one), apigentrin (APG; apigenin-7-0-glucoside), and rutin (RU; quercetin-3-0-rutinoside) in callus cultures of <i>Aerva lanata</i>. Callus cultures were maintained in a liquid medium for 20 days and treated with various biotic and abiotic elicitors, each applied at four concentrations. Quantification of phytochemical content was performed by chromatography techniques. Additionally, cytotoxicity of isolated compounds was evaluated against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, and a zebrafish toxicity model was used to assess safety. The maximum levels of MAE content (82.20 ± 0.04, 74.33 ± 0.12, and 71.05 ± 0.03&#xa0;mg g<sup>-1</sup> DW) were observed in cultures supplemented with 50&#xa0;mg/l chitosan (CHT), sodium di-hydrogen orthophosphate (NaH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>), and disodium carbonate (Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>), respectively, as determined by chromatography techniques. Interestingly, in cells treated with 50&#xa0;mg/l CHT, methylaervine content was 8.7-fold higher than in the non-elicitor medium. Meanwhile, 50&#xa0;mg/l CHT significantly enhanced the accumulation of aervine, apigentrin, and rutin levels (43.87 ± 0.04, 30.04 ± 0.04, and 20.15 ± 0.03 mg g<sup>−1</sup> DW) separately. In conclusion, the cytotoxic effects of methylaervine and aervine against the MCF-7 cell line were determined to have IC<sub>50</sub> values of 44.25 and 50.50&#xa0;µg/ml, respectively. In contrast, zebrafish studies confirmed the non-toxic effect of the treatments at the tested concentrations. These findings underscore the potential of elicitor-mediated strategies for the scalable production of bioactive phytochemicals, supporting future industrial applications in cancer drug discovery.</p>

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Elicitors-induced enhancement of alkaloid and flavonoid production in callus cultures of Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Ex-Schult: an assessment of anticancer and toxicity properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月5日

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  • Selvakumar Boobalan,
  • Shanmugam Girija

摘要

Elicitation has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing phytochemical production in plant in vitro cultures, with potential applications in cancer drug discovery. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different elicitors on the accumulation of key bioactive compounds: methylaervine (MAE; 10-methoxycanthin-6-one), aervine (AE; 10-hydroxycanthin-6-one), apigentrin (APG; apigenin-7-0-glucoside), and rutin (RU; quercetin-3-0-rutinoside) in callus cultures of Aerva lanata. Callus cultures were maintained in a liquid medium for 20 days and treated with various biotic and abiotic elicitors, each applied at four concentrations. Quantification of phytochemical content was performed by chromatography techniques. Additionally, cytotoxicity of isolated compounds was evaluated against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, and a zebrafish toxicity model was used to assess safety. The maximum levels of MAE content (82.20 ± 0.04, 74.33 ± 0.12, and 71.05 ± 0.03 mg g-1 DW) were observed in cultures supplemented with 50 mg/l chitosan (CHT), sodium di-hydrogen orthophosphate (NaH2PO4), and disodium carbonate (Na2CO3), respectively, as determined by chromatography techniques. Interestingly, in cells treated with 50 mg/l CHT, methylaervine content was 8.7-fold higher than in the non-elicitor medium. Meanwhile, 50 mg/l CHT significantly enhanced the accumulation of aervine, apigentrin, and rutin levels (43.87 ± 0.04, 30.04 ± 0.04, and 20.15 ± 0.03 mg g−1 DW) separately. In conclusion, the cytotoxic effects of methylaervine and aervine against the MCF-7 cell line were determined to have IC50 values of 44.25 and 50.50 µg/ml, respectively. In contrast, zebrafish studies confirmed the non-toxic effect of the treatments at the tested concentrations. These findings underscore the potential of elicitor-mediated strategies for the scalable production of bioactive phytochemicals, supporting future industrial applications in cancer drug discovery.