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<p>Effective callus induction (CI) of rice is the initial step in indirect somatic embryogenesis and whole plant regeneration which are crucial for downstream applications in rice biotechnology. Optimizing the iron (Fe) concentration in the CI medium is recommended to enhance the efficiency of CI. However, the physiological and cellular mechanisms underlying the subsequent promotion of rice callus growth remain unknown. Therefore, the main objective of this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Fe concentration on callus growth in lowland <i>indica</i> rice in the CI medium. We found that increasing the Fe concentration from 100 to 300 µM in the CI medium boosted rice callus growth by 65% without affecting the texture and character of calluses. The superior growth resulted from a 22.4% enlargement of meristematic callus cells. At higher Fe concentrations, the accumulation of Fe and uptake of Fe, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) by calluses significantly increased with callus growth. Calluses grown in medium containing 300 µM Fe exhibited higher phenolic content compared to those grown at the standard 100 µM Fe concentration, although starch granule and sucrose storage in meristematic cells decreased. These physiological changes were consistent with transcriptional responses, as genes involved in hormone signaling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, cell division and size, and nutrient uptake were significantly up regulated at the higher Fe concentration. This study demonstrates that supplementing the CI medium with higher Fe levels promotes rice callus growth by increasing nutrient uptake and stimulating cellular growth.</p>

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Iron supplementation promotes growth of indica rice callus by increasing cell size and altering cellular metabolism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月7日

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  • Solihah Hayiduereh,
  • Ponsit Sathapondecha,
  • Passamon Muangthong,
  • Upatham Meesawat,
  • Lompong Klinnawee

摘要

Effective callus induction (CI) of rice is the initial step in indirect somatic embryogenesis and whole plant regeneration which are crucial for downstream applications in rice biotechnology. Optimizing the iron (Fe) concentration in the CI medium is recommended to enhance the efficiency of CI. However, the physiological and cellular mechanisms underlying the subsequent promotion of rice callus growth remain unknown. Therefore, the main objective of this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Fe concentration on callus growth in lowland indica rice in the CI medium. We found that increasing the Fe concentration from 100 to 300 µM in the CI medium boosted rice callus growth by 65% without affecting the texture and character of calluses. The superior growth resulted from a 22.4% enlargement of meristematic callus cells. At higher Fe concentrations, the accumulation of Fe and uptake of Fe, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) by calluses significantly increased with callus growth. Calluses grown in medium containing 300 µM Fe exhibited higher phenolic content compared to those grown at the standard 100 µM Fe concentration, although starch granule and sucrose storage in meristematic cells decreased. These physiological changes were consistent with transcriptional responses, as genes involved in hormone signaling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, cell division and size, and nutrient uptake were significantly up regulated at the higher Fe concentration. This study demonstrates that supplementing the CI medium with higher Fe levels promotes rice callus growth by increasing nutrient uptake and stimulating cellular growth.