<p>Drought is widely regarded as the most significant abiotic stressor affecting modern agricultural production. Sweet watermelon (<i>Citrullus lanatus</i> var. <i>lanatus</i>), one of the world’s most cultivated vegetable species, lacks drought resistance and must be grown in dry and semi-arid regions by grafting on tolerant rootstocks. Citron watermelon (<i>Citrullus lanatus</i> var. <i>citroides</i>) is well known for its high drought tolerance and has excellent potential as a watermelon rootstock. There is a high demand for novel citron watermelon cultivars with rootstock potential. Doubled haploid (DH) technology enables the breeding of genetically uniform and fully homozygous plants in a single generation. However, no research has been conducted on the haploidization of citron watermelon using the irradiated pollen technique. The current study aimed to determine the efficiency of gamma-ray sources (Cobalt: Co⁶⁰ and Cesium: Cs¹³⁷), irradiation doses (200, 250, and 300&#xa0;Gy of Co⁶⁰; 100, 150, 200, and 250&#xa0;Gy of Cs¹³⁷), and genotypes (11 citron watermelon lines) on the production of pure citron lines via the irradiated pollen technique (parthenogenesis). The embryos were grown on MS medium supplemented with 0.4&#xa0;mg/L indole-3-butyric acid. Stomatal observations and flow cytometry were used to conduct ploidy studies on 3–4 weeks old parthenogenic plantlets. The Co⁶⁰ treatments yielded eight haploid and two mixoploid plants, while the Cs¹³⁷ treatments yielded 14 haploid and one mixoploid. These findings demonstrated that gamma rays from both radiation sources were effective in parthenogenic embryo induction, and Cs¹³⁷ was discovered to be a reliable alternative to conventional Co⁶⁰.</p>