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<p><i>Carex arenaria</i> (sedges, <i>Cyperaceae</i>) is a pioneer species in coastal dunes, playing a crucial role in stabilizing and shaping these ecosystems through its underground rhizomes. Urbanization and extreme climate change have endangered coastal dunes ecosystems. The decline of <i>C. arenaria</i> threatens its survival and the ecological balance of dune ecosystems. Increased erosion can lead to habitat loss and reduced biodiversity. Physiological dormancy, a hard seed coat, and insufficient water availability often hinder germination in sedges. Reliable germination techniques for <i>C. arenaria</i> are essential for restoring these endangered habitats. This study aimed to identify effective methods for germinating C. <i>arenaria</i> seeds using in vitro and hydroponic cultures. It is the first investigation of its kind for this species<i>.</i> Germination process was initiated by soaking seeds in gibberellic acid (400&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup>) overnight to break dormancy. For in vitro cultures, seeds were sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite for varying durations: two cycles of 5&#xa0;min, a single 10-min period, and a 15-min period. These variations aimed to balance effective sterilization with minimal damage to the seeds coat, ensuring high germination rates. Seeds were germinated on ¼-strength Hoagland medium supplemented with different concentrations of Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM) (0%, 0.2%, and 0.5%). In hydroponic cultures, no PPM was required as seeds remained uninfected. Germination was conducted under controlled conditions (22℃, 16/8-h day/night photoperiod, and a photon flux density of 100&#xa0;μmol&#xa0;m<sup>−2</sup>&#xa0;s<sup>−1</sup>) for all cultures. Germination success was 100% for in vitro cultures and 79% for hydroponics. Hydroponic cultures demonstrated superior seedling development and acclimatization, with better performance across all tested parameters (root length, leaf length, and seedling vigor). These results highlight the successful germination and acclimatization of <i>C. arenaria</i> seeds under controlled conditions.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Effective germination strategies for the coastal dune pioneer Carex arenaria L.

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月20日

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  • Lidia Banaszczyk,
  • Małgorzata Kapusta,
  • Joanna Rojek,
  • Małgorzata Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno

摘要

Carex arenaria (sedges, Cyperaceae) is a pioneer species in coastal dunes, playing a crucial role in stabilizing and shaping these ecosystems through its underground rhizomes. Urbanization and extreme climate change have endangered coastal dunes ecosystems. The decline of C. arenaria threatens its survival and the ecological balance of dune ecosystems. Increased erosion can lead to habitat loss and reduced biodiversity. Physiological dormancy, a hard seed coat, and insufficient water availability often hinder germination in sedges. Reliable germination techniques for C. arenaria are essential for restoring these endangered habitats. This study aimed to identify effective methods for germinating C. arenaria seeds using in vitro and hydroponic cultures. It is the first investigation of its kind for this species. Germination process was initiated by soaking seeds in gibberellic acid (400 mg L−1) overnight to break dormancy. For in vitro cultures, seeds were sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite for varying durations: two cycles of 5 min, a single 10-min period, and a 15-min period. These variations aimed to balance effective sterilization with minimal damage to the seeds coat, ensuring high germination rates. Seeds were germinated on ¼-strength Hoagland medium supplemented with different concentrations of Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM) (0%, 0.2%, and 0.5%). In hydroponic cultures, no PPM was required as seeds remained uninfected. Germination was conducted under controlled conditions (22℃, 16/8-h day/night photoperiod, and a photon flux density of 100 μmol m−2 s−1) for all cultures. Germination success was 100% for in vitro cultures and 79% for hydroponics. Hydroponic cultures demonstrated superior seedling development and acclimatization, with better performance across all tested parameters (root length, leaf length, and seedling vigor). These results highlight the successful germination and acclimatization of C. arenaria seeds under controlled conditions.

Graphical Abstract