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<p>The integration of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) into integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems has emerged as a promising solution to enhance spectral efficiency and controllability of the wireless environment. This work investigates a joint design framework for beamforming and rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) in RIS-assisted ISAC systems operating under Nakagami-<i>m</i> fading channels. Unlike conventional non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and spatial division multiple access (SDMA), RSMA effectively manages multiuser interference while simultaneously facilitating radar sensing. A multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to jointly maximize the communication sum-rate and the radar signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To solve this challenging problem, we develop a non-convex block coordinate descent (BCD) algorithm that jointly optimizes the transmit beamformers and RIS phase shifts, where the RIS configuration is initialized through semidefinite relaxation (SDR). Comprehensive simulations show that, the proposed RSMA-based ISAC design with RIS provides notable gains over NOMA and SDMA benchmarks. In particular, the scheme achieves up to 9.6&#xa0;bps/Hz in sum-rate, compared to 8.4&#xa0;bps/Hz for NOMA and 7.8&#xa0;bps/Hz for SDMA at high transmit power. Furthermore, the integration of RIS yields an additional 3–4&#xa0;dB radar SNR improvement compared to no-RIS scenarios. These results validate RSMA as a robust and adaptable multiple access technique for future RIS-assisted ISAC deployments.</p>

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Joint beamforming and RSMA design for RIS-Aided ISAC systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Madhuri Padwekar,
  • Sandeep Kumar Singh,
  • Dipti Patra

摘要

The integration of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) into integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems has emerged as a promising solution to enhance spectral efficiency and controllability of the wireless environment. This work investigates a joint design framework for beamforming and rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) in RIS-assisted ISAC systems operating under Nakagami-m fading channels. Unlike conventional non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and spatial division multiple access (SDMA), RSMA effectively manages multiuser interference while simultaneously facilitating radar sensing. A multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to jointly maximize the communication sum-rate and the radar signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To solve this challenging problem, we develop a non-convex block coordinate descent (BCD) algorithm that jointly optimizes the transmit beamformers and RIS phase shifts, where the RIS configuration is initialized through semidefinite relaxation (SDR). Comprehensive simulations show that, the proposed RSMA-based ISAC design with RIS provides notable gains over NOMA and SDMA benchmarks. In particular, the scheme achieves up to 9.6 bps/Hz in sum-rate, compared to 8.4 bps/Hz for NOMA and 7.8 bps/Hz for SDMA at high transmit power. Furthermore, the integration of RIS yields an additional 3–4 dB radar SNR improvement compared to no-RIS scenarios. These results validate RSMA as a robust and adaptable multiple access technique for future RIS-assisted ISAC deployments.