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<p>At present, millimeter-wave frequencies are one of the main contenders for next-generation (5G) wireless communications and body-centric networks. In this paper, a wideband tunable metamaterial (MTM) unit cell for multifunctional applications is proposed and its attractive characteristics of high adaptability as well as reconfigurability enabled by the phase tuning capacity versus an applied electromagnetic wave are investigated. The proposed unit cell consists of a hexagonal star and square ring structure with an inner circle, three circular rings in the background to get electromagnetic properties efficiently. This compact unit cell is realized on a Rogers 5880 substrate and designed with dimensions of 0.34 λₒ × 0.34 λₒ. The geometry has been tweaked to better take advantage of the metallic structure with an eye toward cost-efficient production and commercial viability. The MTM unit cell is optimized to cover as wide a range of frequencies, 11.5 GHz along the Z direction and displays DNG characteristics in this orientation. The resonant frequencies are 26 GHz, and the other one is at 30GHz. The polarization in both planes exhibit enhanced left-handed (DNG) behavior, as demonstrated through interactions with electric and magnetic fields. The radius of the rings is adjusted to examine the influence of time-varying electric and magnetic fields on the metamaterial's performance. The design provides robust electromagnetic behavior at Z-axis double negative (DNG) and the propagation single negative (SNG), behavior during propagation along the X-axis, underscoring its versatile electromagnetic response. The proposed metamaterial (MTM) was applied to a 1 × 4 antenna array fabricated on a Rogers 5880 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm to evaluate the overall antenna performance. A gain improvement of 1.13 dBi, an extended bandwidth of 1.15 GHz, and 1.1% efficiency was observed. The simulated and measured results, along with the equivalent circuit model designed using ADS, showed good agreement. These findings suggest that the implemented MTM structure has strong potential to enhance antenna performance in 5G communication systems.</p>

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5G wideband metamaterial unit cell: design, analysis, and characterization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Noor Al-Bandar,
  • Samir Salem Al-Bawri,
  • Mandeep Jit Singh,
  • Mohammad Tariqul Islam

摘要

At present, millimeter-wave frequencies are one of the main contenders for next-generation (5G) wireless communications and body-centric networks. In this paper, a wideband tunable metamaterial (MTM) unit cell for multifunctional applications is proposed and its attractive characteristics of high adaptability as well as reconfigurability enabled by the phase tuning capacity versus an applied electromagnetic wave are investigated. The proposed unit cell consists of a hexagonal star and square ring structure with an inner circle, three circular rings in the background to get electromagnetic properties efficiently. This compact unit cell is realized on a Rogers 5880 substrate and designed with dimensions of 0.34 λₒ × 0.34 λₒ. The geometry has been tweaked to better take advantage of the metallic structure with an eye toward cost-efficient production and commercial viability. The MTM unit cell is optimized to cover as wide a range of frequencies, 11.5 GHz along the Z direction and displays DNG characteristics in this orientation. The resonant frequencies are 26 GHz, and the other one is at 30GHz. The polarization in both planes exhibit enhanced left-handed (DNG) behavior, as demonstrated through interactions with electric and magnetic fields. The radius of the rings is adjusted to examine the influence of time-varying electric and magnetic fields on the metamaterial's performance. The design provides robust electromagnetic behavior at Z-axis double negative (DNG) and the propagation single negative (SNG), behavior during propagation along the X-axis, underscoring its versatile electromagnetic response. The proposed metamaterial (MTM) was applied to a 1 × 4 antenna array fabricated on a Rogers 5880 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm to evaluate the overall antenna performance. A gain improvement of 1.13 dBi, an extended bandwidth of 1.15 GHz, and 1.1% efficiency was observed. The simulated and measured results, along with the equivalent circuit model designed using ADS, showed good agreement. These findings suggest that the implemented MTM structure has strong potential to enhance antenna performance in 5G communication systems.