Energy-efficient task scheduling in heterogeneous cloud computing using discrete Coati Optimization Algorithm
摘要
This paper proposes DCOA-TS, a discrete adaptation of the Coati Optimization Algorithm for energy-aware task scheduling in heterogeneous cloud environments. DCOA-TS replaces continuous updates with tailored discrete operators swap, combine, and crossover to balance global exploration and local exploitation while preserving the assignment feasibility. It minimizes the weighted objective by integrating the makespan, energy consumption, and deadline-violation penalties. Extensive CloudSim Plus experiments across medium to large workloads show that DCOA-TS consistently outperforms classical heuristics, leading to metaheuristics, and reinforcement learning baselines, achieving up to 87.6% reduction in makespan (DCOA-TS: 9656 s vs. FCFS: 77,919 s at 100,000 tasks), substantial energy savings (up to 87% at 5000 tasks), and a lower average waiting time. All improvements are statistically significant (