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<p>Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are self-configuring wireless networks that operate without fixed infrastructure and are extensively used in time-critical applications such as military communications, disaster response, and emergency services. Existing MANET routing protocols still suffer from frequent link failures, unstable routes, excessive control overhead, and inefficient energy consumption, especially in high-mobility conditions. These issues considerably reduce network lifetime and reliability. To address these challenges, this paper proposes the Route Capability Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (RCAODV), an enhanced version of the AODV protocol for selecting more reliable and sustainable routing paths. The fundamental concept of RCAODV is route capacity, which refers to a route’s ability to support stable data transmission based on the collective condition of its intermediate nodes and links. RCAODV employs a composite route stability factor that incorporates hop count, residual node energy, and link lifetime to assess route capacity. Based on this evaluation, RCAODV avoids routes containing nodes with insufficient energy or poor link stability and prioritizes routes with higher capacity. Furthermore, a predictive dynamic route change mechanism is proposed to proactively change routes when potential node failures are detected, thereby reducing packet loss and unnecessary route rediscovery. Experimental results indicate that the proposed routing scheme outperforms existing protocols, including AODV, SBADR, and NKR protocols across multiple performance metrics. In particular, RCAODV significantly reduces routing overhead by up to 62.22%, decreases average end-to-end delay by up to 53.55%, and improves the packet delivery ratio by up to 33.5%. The scheme also improves route stability and extends network lifetime, making it suitable for dynamic and mission-critical MANET environments.</p>

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An efficient approach for minimizing control packets and enhancing route stability in mobile ad-hoc networks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Ako Muhammad Abdullah

摘要

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are self-configuring wireless networks that operate without fixed infrastructure and are extensively used in time-critical applications such as military communications, disaster response, and emergency services. Existing MANET routing protocols still suffer from frequent link failures, unstable routes, excessive control overhead, and inefficient energy consumption, especially in high-mobility conditions. These issues considerably reduce network lifetime and reliability. To address these challenges, this paper proposes the Route Capability Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (RCAODV), an enhanced version of the AODV protocol for selecting more reliable and sustainable routing paths. The fundamental concept of RCAODV is route capacity, which refers to a route’s ability to support stable data transmission based on the collective condition of its intermediate nodes and links. RCAODV employs a composite route stability factor that incorporates hop count, residual node energy, and link lifetime to assess route capacity. Based on this evaluation, RCAODV avoids routes containing nodes with insufficient energy or poor link stability and prioritizes routes with higher capacity. Furthermore, a predictive dynamic route change mechanism is proposed to proactively change routes when potential node failures are detected, thereby reducing packet loss and unnecessary route rediscovery. Experimental results indicate that the proposed routing scheme outperforms existing protocols, including AODV, SBADR, and NKR protocols across multiple performance metrics. In particular, RCAODV significantly reduces routing overhead by up to 62.22%, decreases average end-to-end delay by up to 53.55%, and improves the packet delivery ratio by up to 33.5%. The scheme also improves route stability and extends network lifetime, making it suitable for dynamic and mission-critical MANET environments.