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<p>The concept of fog computing has emerged as a critical paradigm for supporting latency-sensitive IoT and smart city applications. Yet, it faces two pressing challenges: ensuring energy efficiency across distributed fog nodes and providing robust security against diverse cyber threats. Most prior studies examine these aspects in isolation, leaving a gap in integrated approaches. This research offers a dual contribution. First, we review key state-of-the-art strategies for fog energy optimization—including dynamic scheduling, AI-driven orchestration, and renewable integration—alongside advanced security mechanisms such as lightweight cryptography, blockchain trust frameworks, and AI-enabled intrusion detection. This review establishes the theoretical foundation for the proposed model, <i>Saraswati</i>, a fog-based smart parking application that demonstrates how integrated energy efficiency and security can be realized in practice. Saraswati is instrumented for operation-level energy monitoring and incorporates blockchain-backed anomaly logging, peer-node offloading, and automated threat alerts, enabling both precise energy quantification and proactive cyber defense. Validation shows that Saraswati achieves an average energy consumption of <b>49&#xa0;J per-operation cycle</b>, maintains an ultra-low latency of <b>0.19&#xa0;ms</b> and demonstrates effective attack detection and accurate energy quantification with minimal overhead, ensuring both efficiency and security. By coupling a concise literature review with a working implementation, this work advances fog computing research by providing both a reference framework and a proof-of-concept system that exemplifies how energy-aware security can be engineered into next-generation fog infrastructures.</p>

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Saraswati: an insight into the energy efficiency and security protocol in a fog computing environment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月26日

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  • Tathagata Bhattacharya,
  • Vyshnavi Erukulla,
  • Sumanth Isukapati,
  • Harshavardhan Meka,
  • Srikanth Ponaganti

摘要

The concept of fog computing has emerged as a critical paradigm for supporting latency-sensitive IoT and smart city applications. Yet, it faces two pressing challenges: ensuring energy efficiency across distributed fog nodes and providing robust security against diverse cyber threats. Most prior studies examine these aspects in isolation, leaving a gap in integrated approaches. This research offers a dual contribution. First, we review key state-of-the-art strategies for fog energy optimization—including dynamic scheduling, AI-driven orchestration, and renewable integration—alongside advanced security mechanisms such as lightweight cryptography, blockchain trust frameworks, and AI-enabled intrusion detection. This review establishes the theoretical foundation for the proposed model, Saraswati, a fog-based smart parking application that demonstrates how integrated energy efficiency and security can be realized in practice. Saraswati is instrumented for operation-level energy monitoring and incorporates blockchain-backed anomaly logging, peer-node offloading, and automated threat alerts, enabling both precise energy quantification and proactive cyber defense. Validation shows that Saraswati achieves an average energy consumption of 49 J per-operation cycle, maintains an ultra-low latency of 0.19 ms and demonstrates effective attack detection and accurate energy quantification with minimal overhead, ensuring both efficiency and security. By coupling a concise literature review with a working implementation, this work advances fog computing research by providing both a reference framework and a proof-of-concept system that exemplifies how energy-aware security can be engineered into next-generation fog infrastructures.