<p>In this study, a novel image encryption scheme based on a multi-wing hyperchaotic system is constructed, and its performance is comprehensively evaluated. By introducing a segmented linear function, the hyperchaotic system with a multi-wing attractor structure is designed, which has a more complex phase space topology compared to traditional single-wing or double-wing chaotic system, can generate higher dimensional pseudo-random sequences with higher initial value sensitivity, and significantly improves the key space and resistance to attacks. The algorithm first utilizes the bit plane decomposition and combination technique to decompose the plaintext image into four planes, and then performs zigzag transform with different vertices on these decomposed planes, followed by bit plane merging of the transform four planes, and forward diffusion and backward diffusion of the merged planes. Experiments show that the novel image encryption algorithm constructed by this multi-wing hyperchaotic system is characterized by a large key space and can effectively resist chosen-plaintext attack and statistical attack. Compared with the existing algorithms, this scheme has significant advantages in terms of security, robustness and efficiency, and is suitable for real-time encryption scenarios. This study provides a new design inspiration for the development of image encryption techniques guided by chaos theory, which increasing the confidentiality, integrity and security of image data and addressing the security threats that may be faced during storage, transmission or sharing.</p>