<p>Blockchain technology enables secure information and value exchange in untrusted environments by integrating cryptographic techniques such as public–private key cryptography, hash algorithms, and consensus mechanisms. It is poised to become a foundational technology for the future Internet of Value. However, the security of current mainstream blockchains relies on asymmetric encryption algorithms that are vulnerable to quantum attacks, as their security depends on the computational difficulty of solving number-theoretic problems like integer factorization and discrete logarithms in classical computing models. This paper investigates quantum-resistant blockchain technologies to address these vulnerabilities. First, it analyzes the susceptibility of existing blockchain systems to quantum attacks at multiple levels, including signature algorithms, TLS layer data exchange, consensus mechanisms, and privacy protection. Second, it provides a comprehensive comparison of promising quantum-resistant signature and key encapsulation algorithms, evaluating their characteristics and performance in terms of resource utilization, key size, and other critical metrics. Building on this analysis, the paper proposes a general framework for measuring performance indicators of quantum-resistant blockchains and suggests optimization methods to enhance system performance, focusing on aspects such as block size and consensus mechanisms. Additionally, a multidimensional comparative analysis of existing quantum-resistant blockchain solutions is presented. This work highlights the challenges in achieving quantum resistance for blockchain systems and offers valuable insights and guidance for researchers designing quantum-resistant blockchain solutions and optimizing their performance.</p>