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<p>The paper investigates Nuel Belnap’s idea of double time references and its application to speech act theory. First, Belnap’s metalinguistic analysis of speech act reports in the branching-time setting is presented. Second, it is proven that these reports can be analyzed within the object language of Ockhamist logic if the language includes the indexicals <i>now</i> and <i>then</i>. Belnap complained that the language of the “tree dwellers” lacks the expressiveness required to capture the idea of double time references. This paper resolves this issue.</p>

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Double Time References Internalized: An Object Language Analysis of Speech Acts in an Indeterministic Setting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Jacek Wawer

摘要

The paper investigates Nuel Belnap’s idea of double time references and its application to speech act theory. First, Belnap’s metalinguistic analysis of speech act reports in the branching-time setting is presented. Second, it is proven that these reports can be analyzed within the object language of Ockhamist logic if the language includes the indexicals now and then. Belnap complained that the language of the “tree dwellers” lacks the expressiveness required to capture the idea of double time references. This paper resolves this issue.