<p>Which choices of truth tables and notions of consequence for two logics <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11225_2025_10213_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textsf{L}_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">L</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11225_2025_10213_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textsf{L}_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> ensure the satisfaction of the following <i>split interpolation</i> property: if two formulas <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11225_2025_10213_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ϕ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11225_2025_10213_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\psi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ψ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> share at least one propositional atom and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11225_2025_10213_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ϕ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> classically entails <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11225_2025_10213_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\psi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ψ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, then there is a formula <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11225_2025_10213_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\chi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>χ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> that shares all its propositional atoms with both <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11225_2025_10213_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ϕ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11225_2025_10213_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\psi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ψ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11225_2025_10213_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ϕ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> entails <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11225_2025_10213_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\chi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>χ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11225_2025_10213_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textsf{L}_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">L</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11225_2025_10213_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\chi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>χ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> entails <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11225_2025_10213_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\psi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ψ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11225_2025_10213_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textsf{L}_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>? We identify the cases in which this property holds for any pair of propositional logics based on the same three-valued Boolean normal monotonic scheme for connectives and two monotonic consequence relations. Since the resulting logics are subclassical, every instance of this property constitutes a particular refinement of Craig’s deductive interpolation theorem, as it entails the latter and further restricts the range of possible interpolants.</p>

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Split Interpolation Refining Craig’s Theorem via Three-Valued Logics

  • Quentin Blomet

摘要

Which choices of truth tables and notions of consequence for two logics \(\textsf{L}_1\) L 1 and \(\textsf{L}_2\) L 2 ensure the satisfaction of the following split interpolation property: if two formulas \(\phi \) ϕ and \(\psi \) ψ share at least one propositional atom and \(\phi \) ϕ classically entails \(\psi \) ψ , then there is a formula \(\chi \) χ that shares all its propositional atoms with both \(\phi \) ϕ and \(\psi \) ψ , such that \(\phi \) ϕ entails \(\chi \) χ in \(\textsf{L}_1\) L 1 and \(\chi \) χ entails \(\psi \) ψ in \(\textsf{L}_2\) L 2 ? We identify the cases in which this property holds for any pair of propositional logics based on the same three-valued Boolean normal monotonic scheme for connectives and two monotonic consequence relations. Since the resulting logics are subclassical, every instance of this property constitutes a particular refinement of Craig’s deductive interpolation theorem, as it entails the latter and further restricts the range of possible interpolants.