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<p>Landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) severely restrict the mobility and operational effectiveness of security forces, while posing a persistent threat to both military personnel and civilians. Particularly in conflict zones, UXOs can remain buried for years, leading to significant casualties. Therefore, effective UXO detection and disposal are critical not only for military security but also for humanitarian aid operations. This review systematically evaluates the effectiveness of mine detection systems in five key categories: biosensors, optoelectronic methods, vapor-based systems, multisensor approaches, and other innovative technologies. A total of 54 studies are reviewed, with 29 (54%) focusing on bioluminescence-based biosensors, 14 (26%) on optoelectronics, 4 (7%) on vapor-based systems, 2 (4%) on multisensor approaches, and 5 (9%) on other methods. The analysis demonstrates how these systems minimize false positives, improve response times, and enhance detection capabilities. Bioluminescence-based biosensors, optoelectronic systems, vapor-sensitive chemical sensors, and multisensor approaches enable faster, safer mine clearance, significantly improving operational efficiency. The review also discusses the challenges of real-time field adaptation, complex data processing, and low detection thresholds, providing valuable insights for the future development of mine detection systems.</p>

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A Comprehensive Review of Advanced Technologies for Landmine and Unexploded Ordnance Detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Ataberk Köşger,
  • Arda Güneş,
  • Enes Altındirek,
  • İsmail Buğra Kuru,
  • M. Faruk Şahin

摘要

Landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) severely restrict the mobility and operational effectiveness of security forces, while posing a persistent threat to both military personnel and civilians. Particularly in conflict zones, UXOs can remain buried for years, leading to significant casualties. Therefore, effective UXO detection and disposal are critical not only for military security but also for humanitarian aid operations. This review systematically evaluates the effectiveness of mine detection systems in five key categories: biosensors, optoelectronic methods, vapor-based systems, multisensor approaches, and other innovative technologies. A total of 54 studies are reviewed, with 29 (54%) focusing on bioluminescence-based biosensors, 14 (26%) on optoelectronics, 4 (7%) on vapor-based systems, 2 (4%) on multisensor approaches, and 5 (9%) on other methods. The analysis demonstrates how these systems minimize false positives, improve response times, and enhance detection capabilities. Bioluminescence-based biosensors, optoelectronic systems, vapor-sensitive chemical sensors, and multisensor approaches enable faster, safer mine clearance, significantly improving operational efficiency. The review also discusses the challenges of real-time field adaptation, complex data processing, and low detection thresholds, providing valuable insights for the future development of mine detection systems.