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<p>By exploiting the colorimetric properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), a ligand-free sensing technique is proposed for detection and quantification of two agriculturally significant pesticides, namely: Cartap and Paraquat in water. The AuNPs are synthesized via the citrate reduction method and comprehensively characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. The TEM analysis has confirmed an average particle size of 16.13&#xa0;nm, while XRD analysis shows a face-centred cubic (FCC) crystalline structure of the synthesized nanoparticles. The analysis of FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the successful capping of AuNPs by citrate molecules, and zeta potential measurements yielded a value of − 21.2 mV, indicating good stability of the AuNPs. The ligand-exchange interaction between AuNPs and the target pesticides induces a visible colour transition from wine-red to blue, which is captured by using a smartphone camera. The quantitative analysis is performed by processing the captured images in MATLAB platform, employing red, green, and blue (RGB) colour model to establish a relationship between the colorimetric response and pesticide concentration. The limit of detection of the proposed system is 0.14 ppm and 0.2968 ppm for Cartap and Paraquat, respectively, with corresponding sensitivities of 0.0139 AU/ppm and 0.00378 AU/ppm. The cross-device validation across three different smartphones confirms the measurement reproducibility of the system. The proposed technique offers a rapid, user-friendly, and cost-effective solution for on-site pesticide detection, with significant potential for applications in environmental monitoring and food safety control industries.</p>

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Gold Nanoparticle-Based Detection and Quantification of Cartap and Paraquat Using Smartphone

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月24日

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  • Udeshna Hazarika,
  • Ram Kishore Roy,
  • Tulshi Bezboruah

摘要

By exploiting the colorimetric properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), a ligand-free sensing technique is proposed for detection and quantification of two agriculturally significant pesticides, namely: Cartap and Paraquat in water. The AuNPs are synthesized via the citrate reduction method and comprehensively characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. The TEM analysis has confirmed an average particle size of 16.13 nm, while XRD analysis shows a face-centred cubic (FCC) crystalline structure of the synthesized nanoparticles. The analysis of FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the successful capping of AuNPs by citrate molecules, and zeta potential measurements yielded a value of − 21.2 mV, indicating good stability of the AuNPs. The ligand-exchange interaction between AuNPs and the target pesticides induces a visible colour transition from wine-red to blue, which is captured by using a smartphone camera. The quantitative analysis is performed by processing the captured images in MATLAB platform, employing red, green, and blue (RGB) colour model to establish a relationship between the colorimetric response and pesticide concentration. The limit of detection of the proposed system is 0.14 ppm and 0.2968 ppm for Cartap and Paraquat, respectively, with corresponding sensitivities of 0.0139 AU/ppm and 0.00378 AU/ppm. The cross-device validation across three different smartphones confirms the measurement reproducibility of the system. The proposed technique offers a rapid, user-friendly, and cost-effective solution for on-site pesticide detection, with significant potential for applications in environmental monitoring and food safety control industries.