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<p>This paper presents the design and numerical investigation of a microstrip patch antenna for microwave hyperthermia–based breast cancer treatment operating at 2.46&#xa0;GHz in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. The proposed antenna incorporates metamaterial-inspired features to enhance electromagnetic energy localization within the tumor region and is analyzed using CST Microwave Studio. Antenna performance is evaluated using a multilayer breast tissue phantom comprising skin, adipose tissue, and an embedded spherical tumor. Simulation results demonstrate a nearly linear relationship between input power and specific absorption rate (SAR), with peak SAR values increasing from 22.7 W/kg at 1 W to 89.9 W/kg at 5 W and a well-localized maximum at the tumor depth. Thermal analysis based on the bioheat transfer model indicates a controlled temperature rise in the tumor region from 37&#xa0;°C to the therapeutic range of 42–43&#xa0;°C within 10–15&#xa0;min of exposure. With extended heating up to 20&#xa0;min, peak tumor temperatures approach 45–46&#xa0;°C while surrounding healthy tissue remains within safe thermal limits. These findings confirm the feasibility of the proposed antenna for localized, controllable, and safe microwave hyperthermia applications in breast cancer treatment.</p>

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Design and Experimental Analysis of a Metasurface Antenna for Breast Cancer Hyperthermia Process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Rupali,
  • Sanjay Kumar Sahu,
  • Gopinath Palai

摘要

This paper presents the design and numerical investigation of a microstrip patch antenna for microwave hyperthermia–based breast cancer treatment operating at 2.46 GHz in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. The proposed antenna incorporates metamaterial-inspired features to enhance electromagnetic energy localization within the tumor region and is analyzed using CST Microwave Studio. Antenna performance is evaluated using a multilayer breast tissue phantom comprising skin, adipose tissue, and an embedded spherical tumor. Simulation results demonstrate a nearly linear relationship between input power and specific absorption rate (SAR), with peak SAR values increasing from 22.7 W/kg at 1 W to 89.9 W/kg at 5 W and a well-localized maximum at the tumor depth. Thermal analysis based on the bioheat transfer model indicates a controlled temperature rise in the tumor region from 37 °C to the therapeutic range of 42–43 °C within 10–15 min of exposure. With extended heating up to 20 min, peak tumor temperatures approach 45–46 °C while surrounding healthy tissue remains within safe thermal limits. These findings confirm the feasibility of the proposed antenna for localized, controllable, and safe microwave hyperthermia applications in breast cancer treatment.