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<p>This study introduces a surface plasmon resonance-based fiber optic sensor (SPR) designed to accurately detect the refractive index of the environment. The sensor structure is based on a D-shaped fiber, with thin layers of gold, titanium dioxide and silver applied successively to its flat surface. To increase the optical coupling, a nanometre grating is also used on the upper layer of silver. Numerical simulation with the finite element method (FEM) was performed to optimize the spectral response of the analysis sensor and structural parameters. The results show that the sensor has a sensitivity of 5100&#xa0;nm/RIU and a half-height bandwidth of about 14.5&#xa0;nm. Its FOM number reaches 351.7 RIU<sup> − 1</sup>, which performs better compared to many fiber-based SPR sensors. The sensitivity analysis to fabrication tolerances has also shown that the proposed design is resistant to small changes. Due to its simple and feasible structure with conventional techniques, the sensor can be used in applications such as water quality monitoring, biodegradation and environmental analysis.</p>

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High-Sensitivity D-Shaped Fiber Optic Plasmonic Sensor Using Hybrid Grating Structure for Refractive Index Detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Pooria Rabiei,
  • Kiana Peyvandi,
  • Ali Asghar Ajami,
  • Mohammad Danaie

摘要

This study introduces a surface plasmon resonance-based fiber optic sensor (SPR) designed to accurately detect the refractive index of the environment. The sensor structure is based on a D-shaped fiber, with thin layers of gold, titanium dioxide and silver applied successively to its flat surface. To increase the optical coupling, a nanometre grating is also used on the upper layer of silver. Numerical simulation with the finite element method (FEM) was performed to optimize the spectral response of the analysis sensor and structural parameters. The results show that the sensor has a sensitivity of 5100 nm/RIU and a half-height bandwidth of about 14.5 nm. Its FOM number reaches 351.7 RIU − 1, which performs better compared to many fiber-based SPR sensors. The sensitivity analysis to fabrication tolerances has also shown that the proposed design is resistant to small changes. Due to its simple and feasible structure with conventional techniques, the sensor can be used in applications such as water quality monitoring, biodegradation and environmental analysis.