<p>Biosensors have been successfully used for examining drug delivery, environmental disorders, water and food conditions, quality control, crime detection, and medical diagnosis assays. However, there are limitations, including low sensitivity, unreproducibility, inconsistent linearity, slow stability, and unstable response times. To address these limitations, researchers in biomedical sciences, biomedical engineering, medical physics, and materials science have focused on using improved nanomaterials like noble metals, metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, graphene, quantum dots, and dendrimers, amongst others, and tunable nanostructured materials (nanorods, nanowires, and nanosheets) to enhance their efficiency. In this review, specific attention is offered to address these limitations and their transduction techniques. Additionally, a comprehensive outline of the progress achieved in biosensing technology, including their working principles, the types of tests they are used for, and the merits and demerits of the techniques, is listed.</p>