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<p>Surface Plasmon Resonance sensors (SPR) have become a viable technique for very sensitive and label-free biosensing, which can be used as an effective cancer diagnosis. To screen breast cancer and adrenal gland biomarkers, we propose a novel D-shaped fiber optic SPR sensor incorporating double perovskite halide (DPH) biolayers, Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiY<sub>6</sub> (Y = Cl, Br, I), for the first time in cancer biomarker detection. The proposed DPH biolayer enables intrinsic and selective biomolecule adsorption which overcomes a major limitation of conventional SPR sensors that rely on additional surface functionalization. The sensor’s performance was evaluated using the finite element method by considering the key parameters such as figure of merit, resonance shift, modal loss, and response time. Due to distinct refractive indices of cancerous and normal cells, the sensor design can distinguish between them. The performance of the sensors is evaluated using three different double halide perovskite biorecognition layers. The sensitivities of Ag, Ag-Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiCl<sub>6</sub>, Ag-Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiBr<sub>6</sub>, and Ag-Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiI<sub>6</sub> based sensors obtained in this work are 6001&#xa0;nm/RIU, 6512&#xa0;nm/RIU, 6930&#xa0;nm/RIU and 7898&#xa0;nm/RIU respectively with a fast response time of 10&#xa0;s. The Ag-Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiI<sub>6</sub> configuration exhibited the highest sensitivity and FoM (55.57), demonstrating a first-of-its-kind approach combining DPH biolayers with D-shaped fiber-optic SPR for label-free, high-sensitivity early detection of breast and adrenal gland cancer biomarkers.</p>

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Optimization of Refractive Index-Driven Optical Fiber Sensor Performance Based on Double Perovskite Halides for Cancer Detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月23日

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  • Tasawouf Ali,
  • Ahsan Illahi,
  • Sanober Kanwal,
  • Akhtar Hussain

摘要

Surface Plasmon Resonance sensors (SPR) have become a viable technique for very sensitive and label-free biosensing, which can be used as an effective cancer diagnosis. To screen breast cancer and adrenal gland biomarkers, we propose a novel D-shaped fiber optic SPR sensor incorporating double perovskite halide (DPH) biolayers, Cs2AgBiY6 (Y = Cl, Br, I), for the first time in cancer biomarker detection. The proposed DPH biolayer enables intrinsic and selective biomolecule adsorption which overcomes a major limitation of conventional SPR sensors that rely on additional surface functionalization. The sensor’s performance was evaluated using the finite element method by considering the key parameters such as figure of merit, resonance shift, modal loss, and response time. Due to distinct refractive indices of cancerous and normal cells, the sensor design can distinguish between them. The performance of the sensors is evaluated using three different double halide perovskite biorecognition layers. The sensitivities of Ag, Ag-Cs2AgBiCl6, Ag-Cs2AgBiBr6, and Ag-Cs2AgBiI6 based sensors obtained in this work are 6001 nm/RIU, 6512 nm/RIU, 6930 nm/RIU and 7898 nm/RIU respectively with a fast response time of 10 s. The Ag-Cs2AgBiI6 configuration exhibited the highest sensitivity and FoM (55.57), demonstrating a first-of-its-kind approach combining DPH biolayers with D-shaped fiber-optic SPR for label-free, high-sensitivity early detection of breast and adrenal gland cancer biomarkers.