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<p>While diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based fiber tracking (DTI-FT) is widely used in neurosurgical planning to visualize and localize major white matter tracts and thereby help avoid surgical injury, its performance remains limited in regions with complex fiber architecture. Traditional DTI-FT operates on a voxel-to-voxel basis, and decoupling fine intra-voxel components is key to advancing its diagnostic accuracy. This study uses the recently proposed multicompartment decoupling imaging (MDI) method to realize the separate calculation of cellular and extracellular space (ECS) diffusion, and decoupled calculation of water molecules diffusion in the two compartments and their various anisotropic parameter indicators, thereby realizing the tracking and visualization of nerve fibers and ECS respectively. The results showed that the anisotropy of water molecules within cellular and ECS compartment in the cortical and head regions of the caudate nucleus were significantly lower than those in the white matter fiber tract brain regions. The tracking parameters with a fractional anisotropy threshold of 0.4 and an angle threshold of 45° were the best for visualizing extracellular space fiber tracking and reflecting nerve fiber pathways. This breakthrough MDI technique enables, for the first time, the separate tracking of cellular and the ECS compartment, providing a novel approach and solution to address DTI-FT’s technical bottlenecks as well as a foundational tool for ECS-based clinical applications.</p>

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Tractography of Brain Extracellular Space and Nerve Fibers via Multicompartment Decoupling Imaging (MDI)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Chunlin Li,
  • Yang Shi,
  • Miao He,
  • ShuYing Niu,
  • Qingyuan He,
  • Jing Liu,
  • Wanyi Fu,
  • Yafei Long,
  • Hongbin Han

摘要

While diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based fiber tracking (DTI-FT) is widely used in neurosurgical planning to visualize and localize major white matter tracts and thereby help avoid surgical injury, its performance remains limited in regions with complex fiber architecture. Traditional DTI-FT operates on a voxel-to-voxel basis, and decoupling fine intra-voxel components is key to advancing its diagnostic accuracy. This study uses the recently proposed multicompartment decoupling imaging (MDI) method to realize the separate calculation of cellular and extracellular space (ECS) diffusion, and decoupled calculation of water molecules diffusion in the two compartments and their various anisotropic parameter indicators, thereby realizing the tracking and visualization of nerve fibers and ECS respectively. The results showed that the anisotropy of water molecules within cellular and ECS compartment in the cortical and head regions of the caudate nucleus were significantly lower than those in the white matter fiber tract brain regions. The tracking parameters with a fractional anisotropy threshold of 0.4 and an angle threshold of 45° were the best for visualizing extracellular space fiber tracking and reflecting nerve fiber pathways. This breakthrough MDI technique enables, for the first time, the separate tracking of cellular and the ECS compartment, providing a novel approach and solution to address DTI-FT’s technical bottlenecks as well as a foundational tool for ECS-based clinical applications.