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<p>Polarimetric SAR has been widely studied in marine remote sensing. Scattering matrix [<i>S</i>], covariance matrix [<i>C</i>], and coherence matrix [<i>T</i>] are the primary polarization feature descriptors currently used. However, these matrices neglect the Doppler frequency differences between different polarizations. In radar echo signals, Doppler, especially Doppler frequency shift, is considered crucial information for studying the speeds of moving targets such as ships, and vehicles. A novel descriptor, the polarimetric autocorrelation matrix [<i>A</i>], which aims to exploit both polarization and Doppler information was proposed recently. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the ship-sea scattering differences of the polarization features of the matrix [<i>A</i>] is conducted. It is demonstrated that the new features and variables decomposed from matrix [<i>A</i>] can enhance the discrimination of artificial targets in the ocean. Then, a ship detector, designated as the power disparity index (<i>PDI</i>), has been proposed. This operator exploits polarization and Doppler information in a synergistic manner for ship detection, with the objective of enhancing ship-sea contrast and suppressing sea clutter background. The efficacy of this approach was demonstrated through a series of tests utilizing RADARSAT-2 data, the <i>PDI</i> feature corresponds to an AUC (Area under curve) value of 0.853, which is significantly higher than other traditional detection features. The result indicates that the <i>PDI</i> can enhance the discernment of ship targets in maritime environments. The <i>PDI</i> provides more detailed Doppler information while preserving the polarization characteristics, thus enabling the effective reduction of blurring caused by moving targets and improved distinction between moving and stationary objects.</p>

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Scattering Characteristic Analysis and Ship Detection Using Polarimetric Autocorrelation Matrix

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月18日

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  • Yi Li,
  • Hui Yu,
  • Genwang Liu,
  • Chenghui Cao,
  • Ruifu Wang,
  • Xi Zhang

摘要

Polarimetric SAR has been widely studied in marine remote sensing. Scattering matrix [S], covariance matrix [C], and coherence matrix [T] are the primary polarization feature descriptors currently used. However, these matrices neglect the Doppler frequency differences between different polarizations. In radar echo signals, Doppler, especially Doppler frequency shift, is considered crucial information for studying the speeds of moving targets such as ships, and vehicles. A novel descriptor, the polarimetric autocorrelation matrix [A], which aims to exploit both polarization and Doppler information was proposed recently. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the ship-sea scattering differences of the polarization features of the matrix [A] is conducted. It is demonstrated that the new features and variables decomposed from matrix [A] can enhance the discrimination of artificial targets in the ocean. Then, a ship detector, designated as the power disparity index (PDI), has been proposed. This operator exploits polarization and Doppler information in a synergistic manner for ship detection, with the objective of enhancing ship-sea contrast and suppressing sea clutter background. The efficacy of this approach was demonstrated through a series of tests utilizing RADARSAT-2 data, the PDI feature corresponds to an AUC (Area under curve) value of 0.853, which is significantly higher than other traditional detection features. The result indicates that the PDI can enhance the discernment of ship targets in maritime environments. The PDI provides more detailed Doppler information while preserving the polarization characteristics, thus enabling the effective reduction of blurring caused by moving targets and improved distinction between moving and stationary objects.