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<p>We create a Titania–Tin Oxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>–SnO<sub>2</sub>) composite ceramic via solid-state sintering and investigate its dielectric and capacitive humidity sensing properties. XRD and SEM analysis examine the structure and morphology of the sample. XRD confirms polycrystalline tetragonal structure. SEM showed the composite’s uniform grain distribution and hydrophilic porousness. The material exhibits enhanced capacitive behavior at 400&#xa0;°C and 1&#xa0;kHz, with a loss factor of 7.5 and a higher dielectric permittivity of ε<sub>r</sub> 2725. The created component’s humidity sensing examination is conducted at 33–75% relative humidity, and electrical characterizations are done at 25&#xa0;°C at 100&#xa0;Hz to 1&#xa0;MHz. A capacitive humidity sensor with 1.744 PF/%RH sensitivity is proposed. Experiments confirm remarkable linearity of ± 0.0719 within the prescribed humidity range. The sensor’s reaction was tested for 30 days to confirm long-term stability. Superior sensing responses make the TiO<sub>2</sub>–SnO<sub>2</sub> sensor an ideal electrical element for complex humidity sensor applications.</p>

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Dielectric Relaxation, AC Conduction and Humidity-Dependent Capacitive Response of TiO2–SnO2 Composite System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月4日

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  • Limali Sahoo,
  • S. Bhuyan,
  • S. N. Das

摘要

We create a Titania–Tin Oxide (TiO2–SnO2) composite ceramic via solid-state sintering and investigate its dielectric and capacitive humidity sensing properties. XRD and SEM analysis examine the structure and morphology of the sample. XRD confirms polycrystalline tetragonal structure. SEM showed the composite’s uniform grain distribution and hydrophilic porousness. The material exhibits enhanced capacitive behavior at 400 °C and 1 kHz, with a loss factor of 7.5 and a higher dielectric permittivity of εr 2725. The created component’s humidity sensing examination is conducted at 33–75% relative humidity, and electrical characterizations are done at 25 °C at 100 Hz to 1 MHz. A capacitive humidity sensor with 1.744 PF/%RH sensitivity is proposed. Experiments confirm remarkable linearity of ± 0.0719 within the prescribed humidity range. The sensor’s reaction was tested for 30 days to confirm long-term stability. Superior sensing responses make the TiO2–SnO2 sensor an ideal electrical element for complex humidity sensor applications.