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<p>The photonic crystal microring resonator (PCMRR) structure described in this article was designed to detect different percentages of water and fat in milk samples. The percentages of water (81–91%) and fat (reduced-fat milk, skim milk, and whole milk) present in the milk sample are detected using the proposed design. The studied sensor consisted of a single waveguide and a U-shaped photonic crystal ring resonator. Following analyte injection into the sensing rods and binding, the refractive index (RI) changes inducing a possible shift in the resonance wavelength. The design is very sensitive to fluctuations in milk sample RI with a sensitivity of 957&#xa0;nm/RIU and a high-quality factor of 64,398. The model can be used to examine the fat content of three types of milk (reduced-fat milk, skimmed and whole milk) using a standardized approach. Although the developed sensor has several limitations, it has broad applications in the food industry and in the quality control of milk and other food products.</p>

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Two Dimensional Photonic Crystal Sensor Design Based on the Water and Fat Concentrations in Milk

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月29日

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  • Ahlem Benmerkhi,
  • Mohamed Bouchemat

摘要

The photonic crystal microring resonator (PCMRR) structure described in this article was designed to detect different percentages of water and fat in milk samples. The percentages of water (81–91%) and fat (reduced-fat milk, skim milk, and whole milk) present in the milk sample are detected using the proposed design. The studied sensor consisted of a single waveguide and a U-shaped photonic crystal ring resonator. Following analyte injection into the sensing rods and binding, the refractive index (RI) changes inducing a possible shift in the resonance wavelength. The design is very sensitive to fluctuations in milk sample RI with a sensitivity of 957 nm/RIU and a high-quality factor of 64,398. The model can be used to examine the fat content of three types of milk (reduced-fat milk, skimmed and whole milk) using a standardized approach. Although the developed sensor has several limitations, it has broad applications in the food industry and in the quality control of milk and other food products.