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<p>Magnetograms acquired with the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) were used to calculate and analyze time variations of turbulence and multifractality in the photosphere during the development and flaring of a mature active region NOAA 13354 during its passage across the solar disk. Turbulence was explored with 2D magnetic power spectra from magnetograms, and multifractality was analyzed using the structure functions of magnetograms. Time variations of the magnetic power spectrum exponent <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11207_2025_2484_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\alpha $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and of the multifractality exponent <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11207_2025_2484_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>κ</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\kappa $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> demonstrate no pre-flare or post-flare abrupt peculiarities, instead, long periods of stability with smooth transitions into other conditions were observed. A conclusion was inferred that the turbulence and multifractality time path in the photospheric magnetic field does not follow the timing of single flares, however, it tends to correspond to the levels of the magneto-morphological complexity and flaring productivity of an AR. So, in the sense of self-organized criticality (SOC), the photosphere, being in the state of self-organization, evolves independently from the highly intermittent, SOC-state corona.</p>

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Time Path of Turbulence and Multi-Fractality of Magnetic Field in the Evolution of an Active Region

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月30日

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  • Valentina Abramenko

摘要

Magnetograms acquired with the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) were used to calculate and analyze time variations of turbulence and multifractality in the photosphere during the development and flaring of a mature active region NOAA 13354 during its passage across the solar disk. Turbulence was explored with 2D magnetic power spectra from magnetograms, and multifractality was analyzed using the structure functions of magnetograms. Time variations of the magnetic power spectrum exponent α $\alpha $ and of the multifractality exponent κ $\kappa $ demonstrate no pre-flare or post-flare abrupt peculiarities, instead, long periods of stability with smooth transitions into other conditions were observed. A conclusion was inferred that the turbulence and multifractality time path in the photospheric magnetic field does not follow the timing of single flares, however, it tends to correspond to the levels of the magneto-morphological complexity and flaring productivity of an AR. So, in the sense of self-organized criticality (SOC), the photosphere, being in the state of self-organization, evolves independently from the highly intermittent, SOC-state corona.