<p>The Lyman-alpha (Ly<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11207_2025_2476_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\alpha $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>; 1216&#xa0;Å) line is the brightest emission line in the quiescent solar spectrum and radiates a significant fraction of the available nonthermal energy during flares. Despite its importance, there is a lack of detailed studies of Ly<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11207_2025_2476_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\alpha $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> spectral variability during flares. Recently, spectrally resolved Ly<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11207_2025_2476_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\alpha $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> flare observations from the SORCE/SOLSTICE instrument have become available. This study examines Ly<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11207_2025_2476_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\alpha $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> spectral variability and its relationship with HXR emission from nonthermal electrons, using observations of two M-class flares from SORCE/SOLSTICE and RHESSI. Imaging observations from STEREO/SECCHI EUVI and SDO/AIA provide further context. Enhancements across the Ly<InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11207_2025_2476_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\alpha $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> line profile were found to closely correlate with bursts of HXR emission, suggesting a primarily nonthermal origin. Red enhancement asymmetries at the peak of each flare were attributed to chromospheric evaporation, while blue wing enhancement and blue asymmetry were linked to a bright filament-eruption seen in SDO/AIA 1600&#xa0;Å images. These findings contribute to the understanding of spectral Ly<InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11207_2025_2476_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\alpha $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> variability during flares and highlight the need for future studies using a higher quality and quantity of spectral Ly<InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11207_2025_2476_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\alpha $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> flare observations. Such studies will further characterise the physical mechanisms driving Ly<InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11207_2025_2476_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\alpha $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> flare variability.</p>

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Spectral Irradiance Variability in Lyman-Alpha Emission During Solar Flares

  • Luke Majury,
  • Ryan Milligan,
  • Elizabeth Butler,
  • Harry Greatorex,
  • Maria Kazachenko

摘要

The Lyman-alpha (Ly α $\alpha $ ; 1216 Å) line is the brightest emission line in the quiescent solar spectrum and radiates a significant fraction of the available nonthermal energy during flares. Despite its importance, there is a lack of detailed studies of Ly α $\alpha $ spectral variability during flares. Recently, spectrally resolved Ly α $\alpha $ flare observations from the SORCE/SOLSTICE instrument have become available. This study examines Ly α $\alpha $ spectral variability and its relationship with HXR emission from nonthermal electrons, using observations of two M-class flares from SORCE/SOLSTICE and RHESSI. Imaging observations from STEREO/SECCHI EUVI and SDO/AIA provide further context. Enhancements across the Ly α $\alpha $ line profile were found to closely correlate with bursts of HXR emission, suggesting a primarily nonthermal origin. Red enhancement asymmetries at the peak of each flare were attributed to chromospheric evaporation, while blue wing enhancement and blue asymmetry were linked to a bright filament-eruption seen in SDO/AIA 1600 Å images. These findings contribute to the understanding of spectral Ly α $\alpha $ variability during flares and highlight the need for future studies using a higher quality and quantity of spectral Ly α $\alpha $ flare observations. Such studies will further characterise the physical mechanisms driving Ly α $\alpha $ flare variability.