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<p>We analyze Sunspot engravings and measurements in 1660 – 1676 to retrieve sunspot area and heliocoordinates. Based on these data, we revise the Hoyt and Schatten (The role of the sun in climate change, <CitationRef CitationID="CR47">1997</CitationRef>) hypothesis of long-lived sunspots during the Maunder minimum as a sign of weakened convection. Historical reports also clarify what each observer defined as a sunspot and the purpose of the observations. The reconstructed longitudes of sunspots allow us to evaluate the rotation rate, revealing that the historical rotation profile resembles that of long-lived sunspot groups in the modern era.</p>

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Long-Lived Sunspots in Historical Records: A Case Study Analysis from 1660 to 1676

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月11日

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  • Nadezhda Zolotova,
  • Mikhail Vokhmyanin

摘要

We analyze Sunspot engravings and measurements in 1660 – 1676 to retrieve sunspot area and heliocoordinates. Based on these data, we revise the Hoyt and Schatten (The role of the sun in climate change, 1997) hypothesis of long-lived sunspots during the Maunder minimum as a sign of weakened convection. Historical reports also clarify what each observer defined as a sunspot and the purpose of the observations. The reconstructed longitudes of sunspots allow us to evaluate the rotation rate, revealing that the historical rotation profile resembles that of long-lived sunspot groups in the modern era.