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<p>Preventing the recurrence of poverty and addressing poverty vulnerability are pressing global challenges for governments and policymakers. As China enters a phase focused on stabilizing poverty alleviation outcomes, studying existing policy documents from the perspective of policy tools and their evolution offers valuable insights for addressing re-poverty. This paper examines 109 central-level policy documents using a three-dimensional analytical framework that incorporates policy time stages, tool types, and content. Through grounded theory coding and transformer-based topic modeling, the study systematically analyzes policy texts, compares the utilization of various policy tools, and identifies Fshifts in government priorities over time. The findings reveal a persistent structural imbalance in the policy tool mix: supply-oriented tools dominate across all stages, demand-oriented tools remain consistently underutilized, and environmental-side tools gain prominence during the consolidation phase. The topic evolution analysis further indicates a path-dependent reconfiguration of policy attention, in which established priorities retain considerable residual weight even as new strategic goals are articulated. To adapt to evolving policy objectives, policymakers should adjust the composition of policy tools while ensuring the continuity of their effects. Emphasis should be placed on coordinating different policy tools to create synergy and enhance the long-term effectiveness of poverty reduction efforts.</p>

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Vulnerability to Poverty: An Analysis of Policy Tools through Policy Documents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Chuncheng Wang,
  • Yue Zhen,
  • Jiangfei Chen,
  • Xin Feng

摘要

Preventing the recurrence of poverty and addressing poverty vulnerability are pressing global challenges for governments and policymakers. As China enters a phase focused on stabilizing poverty alleviation outcomes, studying existing policy documents from the perspective of policy tools and their evolution offers valuable insights for addressing re-poverty. This paper examines 109 central-level policy documents using a three-dimensional analytical framework that incorporates policy time stages, tool types, and content. Through grounded theory coding and transformer-based topic modeling, the study systematically analyzes policy texts, compares the utilization of various policy tools, and identifies Fshifts in government priorities over time. The findings reveal a persistent structural imbalance in the policy tool mix: supply-oriented tools dominate across all stages, demand-oriented tools remain consistently underutilized, and environmental-side tools gain prominence during the consolidation phase. The topic evolution analysis further indicates a path-dependent reconfiguration of policy attention, in which established priorities retain considerable residual weight even as new strategic goals are articulated. To adapt to evolving policy objectives, policymakers should adjust the composition of policy tools while ensuring the continuity of their effects. Emphasis should be placed on coordinating different policy tools to create synergy and enhance the long-term effectiveness of poverty reduction efforts.