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<p>This study develops two composite indices of impunity at the provincial level within a single national legal framework, using Italian data from 106 provinces between 2008 and 2021. By aggregating administrative indicators of institutional law enforcement effectiveness, the indices aim to proxy the likelihood that criminal, civil, and fiscal offenders evade timely and proportionate accountability. The first index concentrates on criminal misdemeanours and measures the performance of police and criminal courts, while a broader Impunity Index also includes civil case backlogs, tax dispute management, and local tax collection capacity as indicators of institutional rule enforcement. Index weights are determined through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the robustness of the indices is evaluated using alternative weighting schemes and sensitivity analyses. The resulting social indicators reveal significant and persistent regional disparities, with impunity decreasing generally with latitude and Northern provinces consistently exhibiting lower impunity levels than Southern provinces. These indices offer measures of institutional quality in law enforcement that can be employed to monitor territorial gaps affecting security, trust, and overall quality of life.</p>

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Measuring Impunity from Administrative Data: Composite Indices of Institutional Enforcement Across Italian Provinces

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Mario Eboli,
  • Lorenzo Fabiani

摘要

This study develops two composite indices of impunity at the provincial level within a single national legal framework, using Italian data from 106 provinces between 2008 and 2021. By aggregating administrative indicators of institutional law enforcement effectiveness, the indices aim to proxy the likelihood that criminal, civil, and fiscal offenders evade timely and proportionate accountability. The first index concentrates on criminal misdemeanours and measures the performance of police and criminal courts, while a broader Impunity Index also includes civil case backlogs, tax dispute management, and local tax collection capacity as indicators of institutional rule enforcement. Index weights are determined through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the robustness of the indices is evaluated using alternative weighting schemes and sensitivity analyses. The resulting social indicators reveal significant and persistent regional disparities, with impunity decreasing generally with latitude and Northern provinces consistently exhibiting lower impunity levels than Southern provinces. These indices offer measures of institutional quality in law enforcement that can be employed to monitor territorial gaps affecting security, trust, and overall quality of life.