<p>Gendered sexual norms and power dynamics shape women’s ability to communicate sexual boundaries and negotiate consent, particularly within alcohol-involved contexts. Sexual communication self-efficacy is often conceptualized as an individual skill; however, it may reflect broader gendered constraints that influence sexual victimization risk. The current study investigated the association between sexual communication self-efficacy and sexual victimization frequency and severity among college women who drink. Participants were 199 cisgender, sexually active college women who completed self-reported measures of sexual communication self-efficacy, past-year alcohol use (AUDIT-C), and sexual victimization experiences as part of an experimental study on sexual refusal assertiveness among college women. Results indicated that lower sexual communication self-efficacy was associated with a higher frequency and severity of sexual victimization after controlling for age. Greater alcohol use was associated with increased victimization frequency and severity; however, it was not associated with sexual communication self-efficacy after controlling for age. Alcohol use significantly moderated the association between sexual communication self-efficacy and frequency of sexual victimization. Greater alcohol use and lower sexual communication self-efficacy exist in broader gendered contexts that may heighten vulnerability to sexual victimization among college women. These findings underscore the importance of bolstering self-efficacy around resisting sexual pressure and coercion—particularly in contexts involving alcohol—to empower women in the face of sexual victimization.</p>