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<p>This study examines the evolution of citation practices in ancient Chinese literature, focusing on the longstanding tradition of “quoting classical texts and employing allusions” as an origin of modern citation. By analyzing 646 citations from 259 essays across six historical periods, the research explores how citations were used in ancient China. It also shows how the function of citations changed over time—from acknowledging contributions in the Pre-Qin period to being used to assert authority and legitimacy under Confucian dominance in later periods. The patterns of citation reflect broader cultural and political shifts, like the centralization of power and the rise of Confucianism, which helps us understand the historical and cultural foundations of scholarly communication.</p>

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Tracing the origins of citation: exploring citation practices in ancient Chinese literature

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Fei Shu,
  • Lening Zhang,
  • Zixuan Jin,
  • Shibin Shu,
  • Vincent Larivière

摘要

This study examines the evolution of citation practices in ancient Chinese literature, focusing on the longstanding tradition of “quoting classical texts and employing allusions” as an origin of modern citation. By analyzing 646 citations from 259 essays across six historical periods, the research explores how citations were used in ancient China. It also shows how the function of citations changed over time—from acknowledging contributions in the Pre-Qin period to being used to assert authority and legitimacy under Confucian dominance in later periods. The patterns of citation reflect broader cultural and political shifts, like the centralization of power and the rise of Confucianism, which helps us understand the historical and cultural foundations of scholarly communication.