<p>In the digital and intelligent era, open science has entered a new stage of development. It is of great significance to systematically summarize the global open science research status and to enhance the development level of open science. This study employs a multi-method analytical approach, combining bibliometric analysis, altmetrics tracking, BERTopic topic model and systematic content analysis, to holistically map global research trends and focal points in open science. The research utilizes scholarly articles indexed in both the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection. Complementary altmetrics indicators from Altmetric.com are then introduced to capture societal engagement dimensions. This paper examines the thematic distribution, evolution progress, and societal focuses of open science research globally and in China. Additionally, this paper points out the current challenges of open science across seven dimensions: open access, open data, open education, open evaluation, open software, infrastructure, and citizen science. Based on the theory of synergy of multiple subjects, this paper proposes a theoretical framework for the synergistic development of multiple subjects in open science and provide actionable strategies to optimize its advancement.</p>