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<p>Cu-Sn-derived nanoparticles are successfully synthesized using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) with an Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm at three pulse energies: 500, 700, and 900 mJ. A&#xa0;Cu-Sn target (80 wt.% copper, 20 wt.% tin) was ablated in deionized water to produce stable colloidal suspensions. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, optical emission spectroscopy (OES), X‑ray diffraction (XRD), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results show that increasing the laser power significantly affects the particle size, shape, crystallinity, and structure. The UV-Vis spectra showed apparent energy-dependent shifts in the absorption and optical bandgaps. An OES analysis indicates an increase in electron temperature and density, confirming a&#xa0;higher plasma density under high laser irradiation. An XRD analysis reveals the formation of CuO, SnO, and Cu<sub>13.7</sub>Sn phases with enhanced crystallinity, and the FE-SEM images reveal smaller particles. The nanoparticles exhibit potent antibacterial activity against two bacterial strains (<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>), with the highest inhibition observed at 900 mJ. These results demonstrate that laser-induced plasma offers an efficient and controllable approach for fabricating bioactive nanomaterials with tunable structural and functional properties.</p>

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Laser-induced plasma characterization and mechanism of formation of Cu-Sn nanoparticles in liquid environment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Sarah Faris Khaleel,
  • Kadhim A. Aadim

摘要

Cu-Sn-derived nanoparticles are successfully synthesized using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) with an Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm at three pulse energies: 500, 700, and 900 mJ. A Cu-Sn target (80 wt.% copper, 20 wt.% tin) was ablated in deionized water to produce stable colloidal suspensions. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, optical emission spectroscopy (OES), X‑ray diffraction (XRD), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results show that increasing the laser power significantly affects the particle size, shape, crystallinity, and structure. The UV-Vis spectra showed apparent energy-dependent shifts in the absorption and optical bandgaps. An OES analysis indicates an increase in electron temperature and density, confirming a higher plasma density under high laser irradiation. An XRD analysis reveals the formation of CuO, SnO, and Cu13.7Sn phases with enhanced crystallinity, and the FE-SEM images reveal smaller particles. The nanoparticles exhibit potent antibacterial activity against two bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus), with the highest inhibition observed at 900 mJ. These results demonstrate that laser-induced plasma offers an efficient and controllable approach for fabricating bioactive nanomaterials with tunable structural and functional properties.