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<p>This study investigates the influence of vibration-assisted microwave curing on the mechanical and moisture absorption behavior of silica-reinforced epoxy/jute/kenaf (KJJK) hybrid composites. The composites containing 1.5–8.5 wt.% nano-silica are fabricated and compared with the thermally cured laminates. The microwave–vibration process is shown to improve the resin infiltration, minimize the voids, and promote the homogeneous silica dispersion with fewer agglomerates, resulting in a&#xa0;significantly enhanced mechanical performance. At the optimal 6 wt.% silica content, the vibration–microwave-cured laminates achieve a&#xa0;tensile strength of ~106.6 MPa, a&#xa0;flexural strength of ~356.25 MPa, and an interlaminar shear strength of ~97.2 MPa, all higher than those of thermally cured counterparts. The impact resistance also increases, while the moisture absorption decreases from 4.4&#xa0;to 3.52%, and the hardness improves from ~52.8 to ~59.5 HV. A&#xa0;SEM analysis confirms the improved fiber–matrix adhesion and the absence of microvoids. These findings demonstrate that the vibration-assisted microwave curing is an efficient and sustainable processing route capable of significantly enhancing the structural integrity and environmental durability of natural-fiber hybrid composites.</p>

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Microwave–vibration curing of silica-reinforced epoxy/jute/kenaf hybrid composites: Mechanical properties and moisture absorption behavior

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Kare Vidya Sagari,
  • Kalapala Prasad

摘要

This study investigates the influence of vibration-assisted microwave curing on the mechanical and moisture absorption behavior of silica-reinforced epoxy/jute/kenaf (KJJK) hybrid composites. The composites containing 1.5–8.5 wt.% nano-silica are fabricated and compared with the thermally cured laminates. The microwave–vibration process is shown to improve the resin infiltration, minimize the voids, and promote the homogeneous silica dispersion with fewer agglomerates, resulting in a significantly enhanced mechanical performance. At the optimal 6 wt.% silica content, the vibration–microwave-cured laminates achieve a tensile strength of ~106.6 MPa, a flexural strength of ~356.25 MPa, and an interlaminar shear strength of ~97.2 MPa, all higher than those of thermally cured counterparts. The impact resistance also increases, while the moisture absorption decreases from 4.4 to 3.52%, and the hardness improves from ~52.8 to ~59.5 HV. A SEM analysis confirms the improved fiber–matrix adhesion and the absence of microvoids. These findings demonstrate that the vibration-assisted microwave curing is an efficient and sustainable processing route capable of significantly enhancing the structural integrity and environmental durability of natural-fiber hybrid composites.