<p>In the present work, the structural features and cellular interactions of powder materials and ceramics based on zirconium dioxide partially stabilized with yttrium oxide are investigated together with the special features of ceramic interaction with cell populations, which involves a&#xa0;comparative analysis of the cytotoxicity and the extent of red blood cell hemolysis. It is established that dioxide zirconium powders are in the two-phase state. High-temperature sintering allows dense ceramics to be obtained in a&#xa0;single-phase tetragonal state. It has been established that the average ceramic grain size after sintering is 0.475 μm. The ceramic materials based on partially stabilized zirconium dioxide have optimum biocompatibility parameters. The comparative analysis of biocompatibility of ZrO₂ (3%Y₂O₃), Ti, and TiNi samples has been carried out. The ceramic samples differ from Ti and TiNi samples by higher density of cellular populations on the flat surfaces of experimental samples, which is in agreement with the results of hemolysis and cytotoxicity investigations of the experimental samples.</p>