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<p>This work focuses on the improvement of the global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) methods of the underlying terrestrial surfaces. An integrated approach based on a&#xa0;multipath GNSS‑R is applied to determine the parameters of near-surface layered structures, including ice and snow and continuous forest covers. At the same time, experimental measurements of amplitude-time dependencies of signals from navigation satellites are processed by fast Fourier transform and then analyzed using a&#xa0;mathematical apparatus based on the multipath reflection model within geometric optics. In combination with the GNSS‑R technique, numerical modeling of near-surface layers, is based on local meteorological data. This allows assessing not only the current state of layered near-surface structures, but also predicting their dynamics.</p>

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Specifics of ice cover measurements using global navigation satellite system reflectometry

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • D. S. Makarov,
  • M. Yu. Reushev,
  • V. G. Podoprigora,
  • D. V. Kharlamov,
  • K. V. Krasnoschekov

摘要

This work focuses on the improvement of the global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) methods of the underlying terrestrial surfaces. An integrated approach based on a multipath GNSS‑R is applied to determine the parameters of near-surface layered structures, including ice and snow and continuous forest covers. At the same time, experimental measurements of amplitude-time dependencies of signals from navigation satellites are processed by fast Fourier transform and then analyzed using a mathematical apparatus based on the multipath reflection model within geometric optics. In combination with the GNSS‑R technique, numerical modeling of near-surface layers, is based on local meteorological data. This allows assessing not only the current state of layered near-surface structures, but also predicting their dynamics.