Creating a pedagogical framework to support pre-service teacher planning of practical work in science education
摘要
Practical work is a distinctive feature of science education and for many students can be an aspect which draws them to the sciences. Yet the value of practical work for enhancing student learning in the ways teachers intend has been contested, leading to criticisms of practical working being unproductive, confusing and ill-conceived. To support pre-service teachers’ pedagogical knowledge development for planning for practical work, we repurpose Abrahams and Millar’s (