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<p>Fulvic acid (FA), a biodegradable, potent, and reproducible organocatalyst, has been studied for the facile and straightforward preparation of tetrazolo-pyrimidine (<b>4a</b><b>–</b><b>4m</b>) and triazolo-pyrimidine (<b>6a</b><b>–</b><b>6m</b>) derivatives. This was achieved via a one-pot three-component tandem cyclization reaction of aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and 5-aminotetrazole or 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole in aqueous medium under mild temperature conditions. Notably, FA has been rarely used as a catalyst in organic transformations, with only a few reports available in the literature. This green chemical strategy has advantages such as simple work up procedure, short reaction times (10–25 min), high product yields (85–97%), broad functional group tolerance, low catalyst consumption (15 mg), simple catalyst recovery and reuse up to four times with negligible loss of activity, all without the use of toxic or hazardous metal catalysts or solvents.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Fulvic acid-catalyzed synthesis of tetrazolo-pyrimidines and triazolo-pyrimidines in aqueous medium under mild conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Suleiman Ibrahim Mohammad,
  • Asokan Vasudevan,
  • Mohamed Abu Shuheil,
  • Rustam Turakulov,
  • Praharshkumar B. Raj,
  • Ozodbek Nematov,
  • Safa Hussien,
  • Kamal Kishore Thakur,
  • Irwanjot Kaur,
  • Jaya Bansal

摘要

Fulvic acid (FA), a biodegradable, potent, and reproducible organocatalyst, has been studied for the facile and straightforward preparation of tetrazolo-pyrimidine (4a–4m) and triazolo-pyrimidine (6a–6m) derivatives. This was achieved via a one-pot three-component tandem cyclization reaction of aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and 5-aminotetrazole or 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole in aqueous medium under mild temperature conditions. Notably, FA has been rarely used as a catalyst in organic transformations, with only a few reports available in the literature. This green chemical strategy has advantages such as simple work up procedure, short reaction times (10–25 min), high product yields (85–97%), broad functional group tolerance, low catalyst consumption (15 mg), simple catalyst recovery and reuse up to four times with negligible loss of activity, all without the use of toxic or hazardous metal catalysts or solvents.

Graphical abstract