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<p>To enhance light energy utilization and improve the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of phenol in wastewater, this study prepared nitrogen-doped zinc oxide composite materials (N-ZnO/AC) for photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous solutions. The composite material was fabricated via a thermal treatment protocol for nitrogen doping, followed by a mechanical mixing route with activated carbon. Characterization results from XRD, SEM, and XPS confirmed the successful incorporation of interstitial nitrogen into the ZnO lattice and the uniform dispersion of nanoparticles across the porous carbonaceous framework. UV-DRS analysis revealed that nitrogen doping effectively narrowed the bandgap from 3.24 to 3.15&#xa0;eV, while EIS and PL measurements demonstrated that the activated carbon support served as an efficient electron sink, significantly suppressing the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Photocatalytic evaluations showed that the N-ZnO/AC system achieved a superior phenol removal efficiency of 81.51% under UV irradiation, representing a significant enhancement over pristine ZnO and N-ZnO. Kinetic studies confirmed that the degradation followed a pseudo-first-order model, with optimal performance occurring at a neutral pH and a catalyst dosage of 0.3&#xa0;g/L. Radical quenching experiments identified hydroxyl radicals (·OH) as the primary reactive species driving the oxidation process. Furthermore, the composite exhibited excellent structural stability and reusability over five consecutive cycles, maintaining high catalytic activity across a wide pH range. These findings suggest that the synergistic integration of non-metallic doping and carbon-based supports provides a robust and sustainable methodology for the remediation of phenolic contaminants in industrial wastewater.</p>

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Study on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol using nitrogen-doped zinc oxide loaded with activated carbon

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Jinyu Tan,
  • Yan Zhang,
  • Shuai Han,
  • Chen Yang,
  • Huarui Hao,
  • Pingqiang Gao

摘要

To enhance light energy utilization and improve the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of phenol in wastewater, this study prepared nitrogen-doped zinc oxide composite materials (N-ZnO/AC) for photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous solutions. The composite material was fabricated via a thermal treatment protocol for nitrogen doping, followed by a mechanical mixing route with activated carbon. Characterization results from XRD, SEM, and XPS confirmed the successful incorporation of interstitial nitrogen into the ZnO lattice and the uniform dispersion of nanoparticles across the porous carbonaceous framework. UV-DRS analysis revealed that nitrogen doping effectively narrowed the bandgap from 3.24 to 3.15 eV, while EIS and PL measurements demonstrated that the activated carbon support served as an efficient electron sink, significantly suppressing the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Photocatalytic evaluations showed that the N-ZnO/AC system achieved a superior phenol removal efficiency of 81.51% under UV irradiation, representing a significant enhancement over pristine ZnO and N-ZnO. Kinetic studies confirmed that the degradation followed a pseudo-first-order model, with optimal performance occurring at a neutral pH and a catalyst dosage of 0.3 g/L. Radical quenching experiments identified hydroxyl radicals (·OH) as the primary reactive species driving the oxidation process. Furthermore, the composite exhibited excellent structural stability and reusability over five consecutive cycles, maintaining high catalytic activity across a wide pH range. These findings suggest that the synergistic integration of non-metallic doping and carbon-based supports provides a robust and sustainable methodology for the remediation of phenolic contaminants in industrial wastewater.