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<p>In this work, a composite carbon-based solid acid (CCSA) was prepared by one-step hydrothermal method via using glucose as carbon resource and concentrated sulfuric acid as a sulfonating agent, along with doped <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonic acid (PT) as a co-sulfonating agent and boric acid (BA) as a synthetic additive. The CCSA obtained was used to catalyze esterification reaction of <i>α</i>-pinene with glacial acetic acid. The results indicate that the addition of PT and BA can improve sulfonic acid groups significantly and show excellent catalytic performance due to the complementary and synergistic effect of incorporated PT and BA, achieving the conversion of <i>α</i>-pinene up to 99.5%, and the selectivity of total esters as high as 56.9%, which is superior to previous report, under the optimized conditions of reaction temperature of 70&#xa0;°C, reaction time of 7.5&#xa0;h, and catalyst dosage of 7&#xa0;wt% (based on the total mass of raw materials). This is because doped PT as a sulfonating agent can increase sulfonic acid groups and also promotes the graphitization of carbon, which in turn limits the sulfonation and the introduction of more sulfonic acid groups. In contrast, doped BA can reduce the graphitization of carbon and is beneficial to the introduction of more sulfonic acid groups. The catalyst also has excellent reusability, still achieving 100% conversion and 32% total ester selectivity after four times recycling. This work provides a novel strategy for producing a composite carbon-based solid acid with excellent catalytic performance, a low cost and simple procedure.</p>

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Esterification reaction of α-pinene catalyzed by enhanced composite carbon-based solid acid via synergistic effect of doped p-toluenesulfonic acid and boric acid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月8日

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  • Suhui Shang,
  • Xiao Wang,
  • Xiaoyu Wang,
  • Yutong Li,
  • Xiang Lu,
  • Zuguang Liu

摘要

In this work, a composite carbon-based solid acid (CCSA) was prepared by one-step hydrothermal method via using glucose as carbon resource and concentrated sulfuric acid as a sulfonating agent, along with doped p-toluenesulfonic acid (PT) as a co-sulfonating agent and boric acid (BA) as a synthetic additive. The CCSA obtained was used to catalyze esterification reaction of α-pinene with glacial acetic acid. The results indicate that the addition of PT and BA can improve sulfonic acid groups significantly and show excellent catalytic performance due to the complementary and synergistic effect of incorporated PT and BA, achieving the conversion of α-pinene up to 99.5%, and the selectivity of total esters as high as 56.9%, which is superior to previous report, under the optimized conditions of reaction temperature of 70 °C, reaction time of 7.5 h, and catalyst dosage of 7 wt% (based on the total mass of raw materials). This is because doped PT as a sulfonating agent can increase sulfonic acid groups and also promotes the graphitization of carbon, which in turn limits the sulfonation and the introduction of more sulfonic acid groups. In contrast, doped BA can reduce the graphitization of carbon and is beneficial to the introduction of more sulfonic acid groups. The catalyst also has excellent reusability, still achieving 100% conversion and 32% total ester selectivity after four times recycling. This work provides a novel strategy for producing a composite carbon-based solid acid with excellent catalytic performance, a low cost and simple procedure.