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<p>Global energy consumption continues to rise, while fossil fuels remain the dominant primary energy source, posing significant environmental challenges. Hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) energy represents a sustainable alternative to meet future energy demands. In this study, a CuO–NiO bimetallic oxide catalyst supported on activated carbon (CNAC) with a spongy, foam-like morphology was synthesized by the solution combustion synthesis (SCS) approach and applied for hydrogen generation via NaBH<sub>4</sub> hydrolysis. The designed catalysts were thoroughly characterized using FESEM, EDX, XRD, XPS, TEM, SAED, and FTIR analyses. The characterization results effectively revealed inherent properties of synthesized catalysts. The synthesized bimetallic catalyst of CuO–NiO/AC (CNAC) exhibited outstanding catalytic activity for the H<sub>2</sub> generation by achieving a low activation energy of 9.93&#xa0;kJ/mol. At 80&#xa0;°C, a hydrogen generation rate of 969&#xa0;mL/g/min was obtained, producing a total of 2225&#xa0;mL of hydrogen within 100&#xa0;min. The hydrogen generation rate was significantly influenced by catalyst dosage, reaction time, temperature, and NaBH<sub>4</sub> concentration. Notably, the CNAC catalyst demonstrated excellent recyclability over ten consecutive cycles with negligible performance degradation under optimized parameters. A comprehensive correlation between the catalysts’ chemical and physical properties and catalytic activity results was established. These results indicate that the CNAC catalyst is a promising, sustainable, and environmentally friendly material for H<sub>2</sub> generation via NaBH<sub>4</sub> hydrolysis, with potential applications in hydrogen fuel cells, energy storage, and clean energy production.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Engineered CuO–NiO bimetallic oxides on activated carbon for highly efficient hydrogen generation via NaBH4 hydrolysis: experimental and theoretical insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月21日

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  • Abhithrinayani Vedullacheruvu,
  • Puneethkumar M. Srinivasappa,
  • Dipak B. Bawiskar,
  • G. S. Bhargavi,
  • Nitin K. Chaudhari,
  • Arvind H. Jadhav

摘要

Global energy consumption continues to rise, while fossil fuels remain the dominant primary energy source, posing significant environmental challenges. Hydrogen (H2) energy represents a sustainable alternative to meet future energy demands. In this study, a CuO–NiO bimetallic oxide catalyst supported on activated carbon (CNAC) with a spongy, foam-like morphology was synthesized by the solution combustion synthesis (SCS) approach and applied for hydrogen generation via NaBH4 hydrolysis. The designed catalysts were thoroughly characterized using FESEM, EDX, XRD, XPS, TEM, SAED, and FTIR analyses. The characterization results effectively revealed inherent properties of synthesized catalysts. The synthesized bimetallic catalyst of CuO–NiO/AC (CNAC) exhibited outstanding catalytic activity for the H2 generation by achieving a low activation energy of 9.93 kJ/mol. At 80 °C, a hydrogen generation rate of 969 mL/g/min was obtained, producing a total of 2225 mL of hydrogen within 100 min. The hydrogen generation rate was significantly influenced by catalyst dosage, reaction time, temperature, and NaBH4 concentration. Notably, the CNAC catalyst demonstrated excellent recyclability over ten consecutive cycles with negligible performance degradation under optimized parameters. A comprehensive correlation between the catalysts’ chemical and physical properties and catalytic activity results was established. These results indicate that the CNAC catalyst is a promising, sustainable, and environmentally friendly material for H2 generation via NaBH4 hydrolysis, with potential applications in hydrogen fuel cells, energy storage, and clean energy production.

Graphical abstract