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<p>In the current work, we report the <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaves-mediated synthesis of ZnO-NiO nanocomposite and utilization of it for synthesis of pyranopyrazole derivatives by using aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile, hydrazine hydrate, and ethyl acetoacetate in a 1:1 EtOH: H<sub>2</sub>O solvent system. Under the optimized conditions, the protocol afforded isolated product yields in the range of 86–97% within 25&#xa0;min. The prepared nanocomposite was confirmed by different characterization techniques via XRD, SEM, EDS, UV, FTIR, and TGA. ZnO-NiO nanocomposite shows excellent catalytic activity for the synthesis of pyranopyrazole; the catalyst was recycled up to several cycles and exhibited good TON and TOF. This study demonstrates a cost-effective and eco-friendly strategy for the bio-inspired fabrication of metal-oxide nanoparticles and their application as heterogeneous catalysts in the green synthesis of pyranopyrazole heterocycles, fully aligned with the core principles of green chemistry and sustainable nanotechnology.</p> Graphical abstract <p>The graphical abstract illustrates the synthesis of pyranopyrazole derivatives via a one-pot reaction involving benzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, and malononitrile, with the ZnO–NiO nanocomposite serving as a heterogeneous catalyst under ambient conditions. The ZnO–NiO nanocomposite was synthesized using an environmentally benign approach employing <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf extract, highlighting the green and sustainable nature of the catalytic system.</p> <p></p>

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Bio-inspired synthesis and characterization of ZnO–NiO nanocomposites as recyclable catalysts for environmentally friendly synthesis of pyranopyrazole compounds

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Ashwini More,
  • Avdhut Kadam,
  • Prakash Kokare,
  • Prasad Mane,
  • Nilesh Pandit,
  • Santosh Kamble,
  • Balu Ajalkar

摘要

In the current work, we report the Moringa oleifera leaves-mediated synthesis of ZnO-NiO nanocomposite and utilization of it for synthesis of pyranopyrazole derivatives by using aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile, hydrazine hydrate, and ethyl acetoacetate in a 1:1 EtOH: H2O solvent system. Under the optimized conditions, the protocol afforded isolated product yields in the range of 86–97% within 25 min. The prepared nanocomposite was confirmed by different characterization techniques via XRD, SEM, EDS, UV, FTIR, and TGA. ZnO-NiO nanocomposite shows excellent catalytic activity for the synthesis of pyranopyrazole; the catalyst was recycled up to several cycles and exhibited good TON and TOF. This study demonstrates a cost-effective and eco-friendly strategy for the bio-inspired fabrication of metal-oxide nanoparticles and their application as heterogeneous catalysts in the green synthesis of pyranopyrazole heterocycles, fully aligned with the core principles of green chemistry and sustainable nanotechnology.

Graphical abstract

The graphical abstract illustrates the synthesis of pyranopyrazole derivatives via a one-pot reaction involving benzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, and malononitrile, with the ZnO–NiO nanocomposite serving as a heterogeneous catalyst under ambient conditions. The ZnO–NiO nanocomposite was synthesized using an environmentally benign approach employing Moringa oleifera leaf extract, highlighting the green and sustainable nature of the catalytic system.